Romans 8:5

Authorized King James Version

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For they that are after the flesh do mind the things of the flesh; but they that are after the Spirit the things of the Spirit.

Original Language Analysis

τοῦ the things G3588
τοῦ the things
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 1 of 16
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
γὰρ For G1063
γὰρ For
Strong's: G1063
Word #: 2 of 16
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
κατὰ after G2596
κατὰ after
Strong's: G2596
Word #: 3 of 16
(prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined)
σαρκὸς of the flesh G4561
σαρκὸς of the flesh
Strong's: G4561
Word #: 4 of 16
flesh (as stripped of the skin), i.e., (strictly) the meat of an animal (as food), or (by extension) the body (as opposed to the soul (or spirit), or
ὄντες they that are G5607
ὄντες they that are
Strong's: G5607
Word #: 5 of 16
being
τοῦ the things G3588
τοῦ the things
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 6 of 16
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
τοῦ the things G3588
τοῦ the things
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 7 of 16
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
σαρκὸς of the flesh G4561
σαρκὸς of the flesh
Strong's: G4561
Word #: 8 of 16
flesh (as stripped of the skin), i.e., (strictly) the meat of an animal (as food), or (by extension) the body (as opposed to the soul (or spirit), or
φρονοῦσιν do mind G5426
φρονοῦσιν do mind
Strong's: G5426
Word #: 9 of 16
to exercise the mind, i.e., entertain or have a sentiment or opinion; by implication, to be (mentally) disposed (more or less earnestly in a certain d
τοῦ the things G3588
τοῦ the things
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 10 of 16
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
δὲ but G1161
δὲ but
Strong's: G1161
Word #: 11 of 16
but, and, etc
κατὰ after G2596
κατὰ after
Strong's: G2596
Word #: 12 of 16
(prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined)
πνεύματος of the Spirit G4151
πνεύματος of the Spirit
Strong's: G4151
Word #: 13 of 16
a current of air, i.e., breath (blast) or a breeze; by analogy or figuratively, a spirit, i.e., (human) the rational soul, (by implication) vital prin
τοῦ the things G3588
τοῦ the things
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 14 of 16
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
τοῦ the things G3588
τοῦ the things
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 15 of 16
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
πνεύματος of the Spirit G4151
πνεύματος of the Spirit
Strong's: G4151
Word #: 16 of 16
a current of air, i.e., breath (blast) or a breeze; by analogy or figuratively, a spirit, i.e., (human) the rational soul, (by implication) vital prin

Analysis & Commentary

For they that are after the flesh do mind the things of the flesh (hoi kata sarka phronousin ta tēs sarkos)—The verb phroneō means to set one's mind on, to be intent upon, to cherish certain thoughts and desires. This is not occasional sin but life-orientation. Those "after the flesh" are characterized by self-centered thinking, finding identity and satisfaction in created things rather than the Creator. Paul describes a comprehensive worldview shaped by rebellion.

But they that are after the Spirit the things of the Spirit—The parallel construction emphasizes the total contrast. Spirit-orientation means minds shaped by God's revealed truth, affections directed toward eternal realities, wills aligned with divine purposes. This is the renewed mind of 12:2, the mind of Christ mentioned in Philippians 2:5. The preposition kata ("after/according to") indicates conformity—we become like what we worship and pursue.

Historical Context

Ancient Stoicism emphasized right thinking (logos) as the path to virtue, but saw this as achievable through human reason. Paul's doctrine is radically different: the mind must be supernaturally renewed by the Spirit (12:2; Ephesians 4:23). True transformation begins not with moral effort but with regeneration that changes fundamental desires.

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