Romans 5:11

Authorized King James Version

And not only so, but we also joy in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom we have now received the atonement.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
οὐ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#2
μόνον
only
merely
#3
δέ
And
but, and, etc
#4
ἀλλὰ
so but
properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
#5
καὶ
we also
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#6
καυχώμενοι
joy
to vaunt (in a good or a bad sense)
#7
ἐν
in
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#8
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#9
θεῷ
God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#10
δι'
by
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
#11
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#12
κυρίου
Lord
supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)
#13
ἡμῶν
our
of (or from) us
#14
Ἰησοῦ
Jesus
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
#15
Χριστοῦ
Christ
anointed, i.e., the messiah, an epithet of jesus
#16
δι'
by
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
#17
οὗ
whom
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#18
νῦν
now
"now" (as adverb of date, a transition or emphasis); also as noun or adjective present or immediate
#19
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#20
καταλλαγὴν
the atonement
exchange (figuratively, adjustment), i.e., restoration to (the divine) favor
#21
ἐλάβομεν
received
while g0138 is more violent, to seize or remove))

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of Hellenistic epistolary literature with sophisticated theological argumentation shapes this text's meaning. Paul's systematic presentation built upon centuries of Jewish understanding about righteousness and divine justice Understanding a worldview shaped by both Jewish monotheism and Greco-Roman philosophical thought helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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