Matthew 4:16

Authorized King James Version

The people which sat in darkness saw great light; and to them which sat in the region and shadow of death light is sprung up.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
τοῖς
to them which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#2
λαὸς
The people
a people (in general; thus differing from g1218, which denotes one's own populace)
#3
τοῖς
to them which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#4
καθημένοις
sat
and ???? (to sit; akin to the base of g1476); to sit down; figuratively, to remain, reside
#5
ἐν
in
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#6
σκότει
darkness
shadiness, i.e., obscurity (literally or figuratively)
#7
εἶδε
saw
used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl
#8
φῶς
light
luminousness (in the widest application, natural or artificial, abstract or concrete, literal or figurative)
#9
μέγα
great
big (literally or figuratively, in a very wide application)
#10
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#11
τοῖς
to them which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#12
καθημένοις
sat
and ???? (to sit; akin to the base of g1476); to sit down; figuratively, to remain, reside
#13
ἐν
in
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#14
χώρᾳ
the region
room, i.e., a space of territory (more or less extensive; often including its inhabitants)
#15
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#16
σκιᾷ
shadow
"shade" or a shadow (literally or figuratively (darkness of error or an adumbration))
#17
θανάτου
of death
(properly, an adjective used as a noun) death (literally or figuratively)
#18
φῶς
light
luminousness (in the widest application, natural or artificial, abstract or concrete, literal or figurative)
#19
ἀνέτειλεν
is sprung up
to (cause to) arise
#20
αὐτοῖς
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Analysis

Within the broader context of Matthew, this passage highlights salvation through declarative statements that establish theological truth. The theological weight of covenant community connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about covenant community, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Matthew.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within Roman imperial rule over Jewish Palestine with messianic expectations. The author writes to address Jewish Christians seeking to understand Jesus as Messiah, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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