John 19:26

Authorized King James Version

When Jesus therefore saw his mother, and the disciple standing by, whom he loved, he saith unto his mother, Woman, behold thy son!

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
Ἰησοῦς
When Jesus
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
#2
οὖν
therefore
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
#3
ἰδὼν
saw
used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl
#4
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#5
μητρί
his mother
a "mother" (literally or figuratively, immediate or remote)
#6
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#7
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#8
μαθητὴν
the disciple
a learner, i.e., pupil
#9
παρεστῶτα
standing by
to stand beside, i.e., (transitively) to exhibit, proffer, (specially), recommend, (figuratively) substantiate; or (intransitively) to be at hand (or
#10
ὃν
whom
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#11
ἠγάπα
G25
he loved
to love (in a social or moral sense)
#12
λέγει
he saith
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
#13
τῇ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#14
μητρί
his mother
a "mother" (literally or figuratively, immediate or remote)
#15
αὐτοῦ,
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#16
Γύναι
Woman
a woman; specially, a wife
#17
ἰδοῦ
behold
used as imperative lo!
#18
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#19
υἱός
son
a "son" (sometimes of animals), used very widely of immediate, remote or figuratively, kinship
#20
σου
thy
of thee, thy

Analysis

This verse develops the divine love theme central to John. The concept of love reflects the essential nature of God revealed through Christ. The emotional and relational language employed here is characteristic of theological biography emphasizing Jesus' divine identity, emphasizing the personal nature of divine-human relationship. The original language emphasizes agape in Greek contexts or hesed in Hebrew, indicating covenantal loyalty, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood love. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

Topics

People

Study Resources