Haggai 2:5

Authorized King James Version

According to the word that I covenanted with you when ye came out of Egypt, so my spirit remaineth among you: fear ye not.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
אֶֽת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#2
הַדָּבָ֞ר
According to the word
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
#3
אֲשֶׁר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#4
כָּרַ֤תִּי
that I covenanted
to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant (i.e., make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutt
#5
אִתְּכֶם֙
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc
#6
בְּצֵאתְכֶ֣ם
with you when ye came
to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim
#7
מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם
out of Egypt
mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt
#8
וְרוּחִ֖י
so my spirit
wind; by resemblance breath, i.e., a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the
#9
עֹמֶ֣דֶת
remaineth
to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)
#10
בְּתוֹכְכֶ֑ם
among
a bisection, i.e., (by implication) the center
#11
אַל
not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing
#12
תִּירָֽאוּ׃
you fear
to fear; morally to revere; causatively to frighten

Analysis

The covenant theme here intersects with God's relationship with His people from Abraham through the new covenant. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of evolution from creation covenant through Abrahamic, Mosaic, Davidic, to new covenant. The phrase emphasizing covenant contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's relational commitment from Noah to the new covenant.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on covenant particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show treaty language and adoption practices from the ancient world, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection