Nehemiah 9:20

Authorized King James Version

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Thou gavest also thy good spirit to instruct them, and withheldest not thy manna from their mouth, and gavest them water for their thirst.

Original Language Analysis

וְרֽוּחֲךָ֙ spirit H7307
וְרֽוּחֲךָ֙ spirit
Strong's: H7307
Word #: 1 of 12
wind; by resemblance breath, i.e., a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the
הַטּוֹבָ֔ה also thy good H2896
הַטּוֹבָ֔ה also thy good
Strong's: H2896
Word #: 2 of 12
good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good
נָתַ֥תָּה Thou gavest H5414
נָתַ֥תָּה Thou gavest
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 3 of 12
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
לְהַשְׂכִּילָ֑ם to instruct H7919
לְהַשְׂכִּילָ֑ם to instruct
Strong's: H7919
Word #: 4 of 12
to be (causatively, make or act) circumspect and hence, intelligent
וּמַנְךָ֙ not thy manna H4478
וּמַנְךָ֙ not thy manna
Strong's: H4478
Word #: 5 of 12
literally a whatness (so to speak), i.e., manna (so called from the question about it)
לֹֽא H3808
לֹֽא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 6 of 12
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
מָנַ֣עְתָּ them and withheldest H4513
מָנַ֣עְתָּ them and withheldest
Strong's: H4513
Word #: 7 of 12
to debar (negatively or positively) from benefit or injury
מִפִּיהֶ֔ם from their mouth H6310
מִפִּיהֶ֔ם from their mouth
Strong's: H6310
Word #: 8 of 12
the mouth (as the means of blowing), whether literal or figurative (particularly speech); specifically edge, portion or side; adverbially (with prepos
וּמַ֛יִם them water H4325
וּמַ֛יִם them water
Strong's: H4325
Word #: 9 of 12
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen
נָתַ֥תָּה Thou gavest H5414
נָתַ֥תָּה Thou gavest
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 10 of 12
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
לָהֶ֖ם H0
לָהֶ֖ם
Strong's: H0
Word #: 11 of 12
לִצְמָאָֽם׃ for their thirst H6772
לִצְמָאָֽם׃ for their thirst
Strong's: H6772
Word #: 12 of 12
thirst (literally or figuratively)

Cross References

Psalms 143:10Teach me to do thy will; for thou art my God: thy spirit is good; lead me into the land of uprightness.Numbers 11:17And I will come down and talk with thee there: and I will take of the spirit which is upon thee, and will put it upon them; and they shall bear the burden of the people with thee, that thou bear it not thyself alone.John 4:10Jesus answered and said unto her, If thou knewest the gift of God, and who it is that saith to thee, Give me to drink; thou wouldest have asked of him, and he would have given thee living water.Isaiah 48:21And they thirsted not when he led them through the deserts: he caused the waters to flow out of the rock for them: he clave the rock also, and the waters gushed out.2 Peter 1:21For the prophecy came not in old time by the will of man: but holy men of God spake as they were moved by the Holy Ghost.Psalms 105:41He opened the rock, and the waters gushed out; they ran in the dry places like a river.Ephesians 5:9(For the fruit of the Spirit is in all goodness and righteousness and truth;)Exodus 17:6Behold, I will stand before thee there upon the rock in Horeb; and thou shalt smite the rock, and there shall come water out of it, that the people may drink. And Moses did so in the sight of the elders of Israel.Exodus 16:15And when the children of Israel saw it, they said one to another, It is manna: for they wist not what it was. And Moses said unto them, This is the bread which the LORD hath given you to eat.John 4:14But whosoever drinketh of the water that I shall give him shall never thirst; but the water that I shall give him shall be in him a well of water springing up into everlasting life.

Analysis & Commentary

Thou gavest also thy good spirit to instruct them, and withheldest not thy manna from their mouth, and gavest them water for their thirst.

This verse within Nehemiah 9 addresses themes of confession, God's faithfulness, corporate prayer, covenant history. Extended corporate prayer recounts God's faithfulness through Israel's history while honestly confessing persistent covenant violations. This passage demonstrates biblical principles applicable across both testaments—God's sovereignty combined with human responsibility, faith expressed through obedient action, and the necessity of both individual and corporate commitment to covenant faithfulness. Nehemiah models leadership that combines vision, prayer, courage, integrity, and perseverance amid sustained opposition.

Historical Context

Nehemiah's account occurs during Persian imperial dominance (539-331 BC), specifically 445-433 BC under Artaxerxes I. The spiritual reforms under Ezra and Nehemiah shaped Judaism for centuries, establishing Scripture's centrality and patterns of worship continuing into the intertestamental period and beyond. The Persian period was crucial transitional time when Jewish identity shifted from monarchical nationalism to Torah-centered covenantal community. Without political independence, the people's cohesion depended on shared scripture, temple worship, and covenant obedience. This established patterns persisting through the Second Temple period into New Testament times. Understanding this context illuminates Jesus's ministry among a people shaped by these reforms and challenges.

Questions for Reflection

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