Romans 10:16

Authorized King James Version

But they have not all obeyed the gospel. For Esaias saith, Lord, who hath believed our report?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
Ἀλλ
But
properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
#2
οὐ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#3
πάντες
all
all, any, every, the whole
#4
ὑπήκουσαν
obeyed
to hear under (as a subordinate), i.e., to listen attentively; by implication, to heed or conform to a command or authority
#5
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#6
εὐαγγελίῳ
the gospel
a good message, i.e., the gospel
#7
Ἠσαΐας
Esaias
hesaias (i.e., jeshajah), an israelite
#8
γὰρ
For
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
#9
λέγει
saith
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
#10
Κύριε
Lord
supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)
#11
τίς
who
an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)
#12
ἐπίστευσεν
hath believed
to have faith (in, upon, or with respect to, a person or thing), i.e., credit; by implication, to entrust (especially one's spiritual well-being to ch
#13
τῇ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#14
ἀκοῇ
report
hearing (the act, the sense or the thing heard)
#15
ἡμῶν
our
of (or from) us

Analysis

This verse develops the faith and obedience theme central to Romans. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the development of faith and obedience within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within systematic theological exposition of the gospel to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the cosmopolitan capital of the Roman Empire with diverse populations. The author writes to address a mixed congregation of Jewish and Gentile believers in the imperial capital, making the emphasis on faith and obedience particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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