Psalms 86:13

Authorized King James Version

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For great is thy mercy toward me: and thou hast delivered my soul from the lowest hell.

Original Language Analysis

כִּֽי H3588
כִּֽי
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 1 of 8
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
חַ֭סְדְּךָ is thy mercy H2617
חַ֭סְדְּךָ is thy mercy
Strong's: H2617
Word #: 2 of 8
kindness; by implication (towards god) piety; rarely (by opposition) reproof, or (subject.) beauty
גָּד֣וֹל For great H1419
גָּד֣וֹל For great
Strong's: H1419
Word #: 3 of 8
great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent
עָלָ֑י H5921
עָלָ֑י
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 4 of 8
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
וְהִצַּ֥לְתָּ toward me and thou hast delivered H5337
וְהִצַּ֥לְתָּ toward me and thou hast delivered
Strong's: H5337
Word #: 5 of 8
to snatch away, whether in a good or a bad sense
נַ֝פְשִׁ֗י my soul H5315
נַ֝פְשִׁ֗י my soul
Strong's: H5315
Word #: 6 of 8
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
מִשְּׁא֥וֹל hell H7585
מִשְּׁא֥וֹל hell
Strong's: H7585
Word #: 7 of 8
hades or the world of the dead (as if a subterranean retreat), including its accessories and inmates
תַּחְתִּיָּֽה׃ from the lowest H8482
תַּחְתִּיָּֽה׃ from the lowest
Strong's: H8482
Word #: 8 of 8
lowermost; as noun (feminine plural) the depths (figuratively, a pit, the womb)

Analysis & Commentary

For great is thy mercy toward me (כִּי־חַסְדְּךָ גָדוֹל עָלָי, ki-chasdekha gadol alai)—Chesed means steadfast love, covenant loyalty, mercy; gadol means great, large, abundant. And thou hast delivered my soul from the lowest hell (וְהִצַּלְתָּ נַפְשִׁי מִשְּׁאוֹל תַּחְתִּיָּה, ve-hitzalta nafshi mi-she'ol tachtiyyah)—Hitzalta means you have delivered; she'ol tachtiyyah means the lowest Sheol, the depths of the grave.

This verse grounds praise (v. 12) in specific deliverance. God's chesed isn't abstract but experienced—he rescued David from death itself. "Lowest hell" (Sheol) represents not just physical death but the realm of the dead, separation from God. New Testament believers read this christologically: Jesus descended to the grave and rose, delivering all who trust him from ultimate death (Ephesians 4:8-9).

Historical Context

David repeatedly faced mortal danger—from Goliath, Saul's spear, enemy armies, Absalom's coup. Each deliverance confirmed God's chesed. Early Christians applied this verse to Christ's resurrection, seeing it as the ultimate deliverance from Sheol's depths.

Questions for Reflection