Psalms 140:2

Authorized King James Version

Which imagine mischiefs in their heart; continually are they gathered together for war.

Word-by-Word Analysis

אֲשֶׁ֤ר

H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

חָשְׁב֣וּ

H2803

Which imagine

properly, to plait or interpenetrate, i.e., (literally) to weave or (generally) to fabricate; figuratively, to plot or contrive (usually in a maliciou

רָע֣וֹת

H7451

mischiefs

bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)

בְּלֵ֑ב

H3820

in their heart

the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the center of anything

כָּל

H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

י֝֗וֹם

H3117

continually

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso

יָג֥וּרוּ

H1481

are they gathered together

properly, to turn aside from the road (for a lodging or any other purpose), i.e., sojourn (as a guest); also to shrink, fear (as in a strange place);

מִלְחָמֽוֹת׃

H4421

for war

a battle (i.e., the engagement); generally, war (i.e., war-fare)

Analysis

The worship and praise theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

The historical context of the monarchic period, particularly David's reign (c. 1000-970 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Israelite monarchy with its temple worship, court life, and constant military threats created the liturgical and emotional context for these prayers and praises. The ancient Israelite worship practices and court culture would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Temple archaeology and ancient musical instruments illuminate the liturgical context of Israelite worship.

Questions for Reflection

In what ways does this verse's emphasis on divine revelation address questions about God's character and purposes in the modern world, and how should the church respond?
How does this verse's literary context within Psalms chapter 140 illuminate its theological significance, and what does this teach us about biblical interpretation?
How might the original audience's understanding of divine revelation differ from modern interpretations, and what bridges can be built between ancient meaning and contemporary application?