Psalms 140:3

Authorized King James Version

They have sharpened their tongues like a serpent; adders' poison is under their lips. Selah.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
שָֽׁנֲנ֣וּ
They have sharpened
to point (transitive or intransitive); intensively, to pierce; figuratively, to inculcate
#2
לְשׁוֹנָם֮
their tongues
the tongue (of man or animals), used literally (as the instrument of licking, eating, or speech), and figuratively (speech, an ingot, a fork of flame,
#3
כְּֽמוֹ
as, thus, so
#4
נָ֫חָ֥שׁ
like a serpent
a snake (from its hiss)
#5
חֲמַ֥ת
poison
heat; figuratively, anger, poison (from its fever)
#6
עַכְשׁ֑וּב
adders
an asp (from lurking coiled up)
#7
תַּ֖חַת
the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc
#8
שְׂפָתֵ֣ימוֹ
is under their lips
the lip (as a natural boundary); by implication, language; by analogy, a margin (of a vessel, water, cloth, etc.)
#9
סֶֽלָה׃
Selah
suspension (of music), i.e., pause

Analysis

This verse develops the worship and praise theme central to Psalms. The concept of divine revelation reflects the proper human response to God's character and works. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to worship literature expressing the full range of human experience before God, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of ancient Near Eastern poetry and hymnic literature for worship shapes this text's meaning. Israel's liturgical traditions developed through centuries of temple worship and personal devotion Understanding a worldview centered on covenant relationship between God and His people helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine revelation in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection