Isaiah 59:13

Authorized King James Version

In transgressing and lying against the LORD, and departing away from our God, speaking oppression and revolt, conceiving and uttering from the heart words of falsehood.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
פָּשֹׁ֤עַ
In transgressing
to break away (from just authority), i.e., trespass, apostatize, quarrel
#2
וְכַחֵשׁ֙
and lying
to be untrue, in word (to lie, feign, disown) or deed (to disappoint, fail, cringe)
#3
בַּֽיהוָ֔ה
against the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#4
וְנָס֖וֹג
and departing away
to retreat
#5
מֵאַחַ֣ר
from
properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)
#6
אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ
our God
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
#7
דַּבֶּר
speaking
perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
#8
עֹ֣שֶׁק
oppression
injury, fraud, (subjectively) distress, (concretely) unjust gain
#9
וְסָרָ֔ה
and revolt
apostasy, crime; figuratively, remission
#10
הֹר֧וֹ
conceiving
to be (or become) pregnant, conceive (literally or figuratively)
#11
וְהֹג֛וֹ
and uttering
to murmur (in pleasure or anger); by implication, to ponder
#12
מִלֵּ֖ב
from the heart
the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the center of anything
#13
דִּבְרֵי
words
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
#14
שָֽׁקֶר׃
of falsehood
an untruth; by implication, a sham (often adverbial)

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Isaiah. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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