Isaiah 59:12

Authorized King James Version

For our transgressions are multiplied before thee, and our sins testify against us: for our transgressions are with us; and as for our iniquities, we know them;

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
כִּֽי
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#2
רַבּ֤וּ
are multiplied
properly, to cast together , i.e., increase, especially in number; to multiply by the myriad
#3
פְשָׁעֵ֣ינוּ
For our transgressions
a revolt (national, moral or religious)
#4
נֶגְדֶּ֔ךָ
a front, i.e., part opposite; specifically a counterpart, or mate; usually (adverbial, especially with preposition) over against or before
#5
וְחַטֹּאותֵ֖ינוּ
before thee and our sins
an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender
#6
עָ֣נְתָה
testify
properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e., pay attention; by implication, to respond; by extension to begin to speak; specifically to sing, shout,
#7
בָּ֑נוּ
H0
#8
כִּֽי
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#9
פְשָׁעֵ֣ינוּ
For our transgressions
a revolt (national, moral or religious)
#10
אִתָּ֔נוּ
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc
#11
וַעֲוֺנֹתֵ֖ינוּ
are with us and as for our iniquities
perversity, i.e., (moral) evil
#12
יְדַֽעֲנֽוּם׃
we know
to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Isaiah. The concept of divine revelation reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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