Proverbs 12:20

Authorized King James Version

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Deceit is in the heart of them that imagine evil: but to the counsellors of peace is joy.

Original Language Analysis

מִ֭רְמָה Deceit H4820
מִ֭רְמָה Deceit
Strong's: H4820
Word #: 1 of 7
fraud
בְּלֶב is in the heart H3820
בְּלֶב is in the heart
Strong's: H3820
Word #: 2 of 7
the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the center of anything
חֹ֣רְשֵׁי of them that imagine H2790
חֹ֣רְשֵׁי of them that imagine
Strong's: H2790
Word #: 3 of 7
to scratch, i.e., (by implication) to engrave, plough; hence (from the use of tools) to fabricate (of any material); figuratively, to devise (in a bad
רָ֑ע evil H7451
רָ֑ע evil
Strong's: H7451
Word #: 4 of 7
bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)
וּֽלְיֹעֲצֵ֖י but to the counsellors H3289
וּֽלְיֹעֲצֵ֖י but to the counsellors
Strong's: H3289
Word #: 5 of 7
to advise; reflexively, to deliberate or resolve
שָׁל֣וֹם of peace H7965
שָׁל֣וֹם of peace
Strong's: H7965
Word #: 6 of 7
safe, i.e., (figuratively) well, happy, friendly; also (abstractly) welfare, i.e., health, prosperity, peace
שִׂמְחָֽה׃ is joy H8057
שִׂמְחָֽה׃ is joy
Strong's: H8057
Word #: 7 of 7
blithesomeness or glee, (religious or festival)

Analysis & Commentary

This proverb contrasts the inner states and outcomes of evil versus peace. "Deceit is in the heart of them that imagine evil" identifies the source of wickedness. Mirmah (מִרְמָה, deceit, treachery) resides in lev (לֵב, heart) of chorshey ra (חֹרְשֵׁי רָע, those who devise/plow evil). The verb charash (חָרַשׁ) means plow, engrave, fabricate—suggesting deliberate, calculated wickedness. Evil doesn't happen accidentally; it's cultivated like crops.

"But to the counsellors of peace is joy" presents the blessed alternative. Yo'atsey shalom (יוֹעֲצֵי שָׁלוֹם, counselors of peace) experience simchah (שִׂמְחָה, joy, gladness, rejoicing). Those who plan and promote peace—wholeness, harmony, well-being—find genuine gladness. This isn't superficial happiness but deep satisfaction from doing good.

The proverb establishes moral psychology: what we cultivate in our hearts produces corresponding emotions. Plotting evil breeds deceit, anxiety, and inner corruption. Counseling peace produces joy. Jesus blessed peacemakers as God's children (Matthew 5:9) and promised His peace to disciples (John 14:27). Paul commands pursuing "things which make for peace" (Romans 14:19). Hebrews 12:14 urges following "peace with all men, and holiness." The gospel makes peace with God (Romans 5:1), enabling believers to be ministers of reconciliation (2 Corinthians 5:18-20).

Historical Context

Ancient Near Eastern courts depended on counselors who either promoted wise governance and international peace or plotted intrigue and war. Israel's kings had advisors whose counsel shaped national destiny. Ahithophel's advice was esteemed but turned traitorous (2 Samuel 16-17). Conversely, wise counselors like Daniel served foreign kings with integrity, promoting peace and justice. This proverb commends those who use influence for shalom rather than selfish schemes.

Questions for Reflection

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