Psalms 124:1

Authorized King James Version

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If it had not been the LORD who was on our side, now may Israel say;

Original Language Analysis

לוּלֵ֣י If H3884
לוּלֵ֣י If
Strong's: H3884
Word #: 1 of 7
if not
יְ֭הוָה it had not been the LORD H3068
יְ֭הוָה it had not been the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 2 of 7
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
שֶׁהָ֣יָה H1961
שֶׁהָ֣יָה
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 3 of 7
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
לָ֑נוּ H0
לָ֑נוּ
Strong's: H0
Word #: 4 of 7
יֹֽאמַר say H559
יֹֽאמַר say
Strong's: H559
Word #: 5 of 7
to say (used with great latitude)
נָ֝א H4994
נָ֝א
Strong's: H4994
Word #: 6 of 7
'i pray', 'now', or 'then'; added mostly to verbs (in the imperative or future), or to interjections, occasionally to an adverb or conjunction
יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ who was on our side now may Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ who was on our side now may Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 7 of 7
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

Analysis & Commentary

The psalm begins with a hypothetical reflection: 'If it had not been the LORD who was on our side, now may Israel say.' The conditional 'if' invites contemplation of what would have occurred without divine intervention. The phrase 'the LORD who was on our side' establishes that deliverance stems not from Israel's strength but from God's partisan support. The Hebrew 'Yehovah she-hayah lanu' emphasizes past reality - 'the LORD who WAS for us' - reflecting on historical salvation. The call 'may Israel say' makes this confession corporate; the entire nation must acknowledge dependence on God. This opening creates suspense, establishing that God's presence made the crucial difference between survival and destruction. It models grateful reflection on past deliverance as foundation for present faith.

Historical Context

This psalm likely reflects deliverance from specific historical threat - perhaps Sennacherib's siege (2 Kings 18-19), Persian period dangers, or other national crises. The Songs of Ascents collection suggests use during post-exilic pilgrimages when Jews reflected on survival through exile and restoration. The pattern of reflection on past deliverance occurs throughout Israel's history (Exodus narrative, Judges cycle, prophetic remembrance).

Questions for Reflection