Psalms 124:2

Authorized King James Version

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If it had not been the LORD who was on our side, when men rose up against us:

Original Language Analysis

לוּלֵ֣י If H3884
לוּלֵ֣י If
Strong's: H3884
Word #: 1 of 7
if not
יְ֭הוָה it had not been the LORD H3068
יְ֭הוָה it had not been the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 2 of 7
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
שֶׁהָ֣יָה H1961
שֶׁהָ֣יָה
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 3 of 7
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
לָ֑נוּ H0
לָ֑נוּ
Strong's: H0
Word #: 4 of 7
בְּק֖וּם rose up H6965
בְּק֖וּם rose up
Strong's: H6965
Word #: 5 of 7
to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
עָלֵ֣ינוּ H5921
עָלֵ֣ינוּ
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 6 of 7
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
אָדָֽם׃ who was on our side when men H120
אָדָֽם׃ who was on our side when men
Strong's: H120
Word #: 7 of 7
ruddy i.e., a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)

Analysis & Commentary

The hypothetical continues with repetition for emphasis: 'If it had not been the LORD who was on our side, when men rose up against us.' The repeated condition reinforces the centrality of divine aid. The phrase 'when men rose up against us' specifies the threat - human enemies attacked Israel. The word 'rose up' (Hebrew 'qum') suggests hostile action, rebellion, or war. The emphasis on 'men' highlights that despite being merely human (not divine), these enemies posed existential threat to Israel. The verse creates tension - overwhelming human opposition versus divine protection. The repetition also functions liturgically, possibly as call-and-response in corporate worship, where one voice speaks and the congregation repeats. This pattern embeds the truth deeply through repetition.

Historical Context

Israel faced constant threats from surrounding nations - Egypt, Assyria, Babylon, Edom, Moab, Ammon, and others. Despite being merely human kingdoms, they wielded power that could have destroyed Israel. Only divine protection preserved the covenant people through centuries of geopolitical vulnerability. The phrase 'men rose up' captures the recurring pattern of opposition Israel faced.

Questions for Reflection