Psalms 3:1

Authorized King James Version

LORD, how are they increased that trouble me! many are they that rise up against me.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
יְ֭הוָה
LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#2
מָֽה
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
#3
רַבּ֣וּ
how are they increased
properly, to cast together , i.e., increase, especially in number; to multiply by the myriad
#4
צָרָ֑י
that trouble
a pebble (as in h6864)
#5
רַ֝בִּ֗ים
me! many
abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)
#6
קָמִ֥ים
are they that rise up
to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
#7
עָלָֽי׃
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Analysis

Within the broader context of Psalms, this passage highlights worship and praise through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of divine sovereignty connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine sovereignty, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by introducing key themes that will be developed throughout Psalms.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of ancient Near Eastern poetry and hymnic literature for worship shapes this text's meaning. Israel's liturgical traditions developed through centuries of temple worship and personal devotion Understanding a worldview centered on covenant relationship between God and His people helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection