The Pharisees' question to the disciples—'Why eateth your Master with publicans and sinners?'—reveals their theological framework. They assume holiness requires separation from sinners to avoid contamination. Their question is accusatory, seeking to discredit Jesus before His followers. The Pharisees believed righteous people shouldn't associate with sinners except to condemn them. Jesus operates on opposite principle: righteousness seeks sinners to redeem them. The Pharisees' approach creates religious pride and exclusion. Jesus' approach demonstrates mercy and mission. This fundamental difference—separation versus engagement—defines two opposing religious visions: one self-righteous and condemning, the other humble and redemptive.
Historical Context
Pharisaic interpretation of Torah emphasized purity through separation. They developed elaborate traditions (oral law) to maintain holiness by avoiding contamination. Table fellowship was particularly significant because eating together implied acceptance and fellowship. Pharisees would not eat with those who didn't observe purity laws. Their question reflects genuine theological concern: How can a holy teacher associate with unholy people without compromising holiness? Jesus' answer redefines holiness not as separation from sinners but as transformative engagement with them.
Questions for Reflection
How do we balance separation from sin with engagement with sinners in Christian witness?
What does this passage teach about religious pride versus gospel humility?
How should Christians respond when criticized for associating with 'sinners'?
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Analysis & Commentary
The Pharisees' question to the disciples—'Why eateth your Master with publicans and sinners?'—reveals their theological framework. They assume holiness requires separation from sinners to avoid contamination. Their question is accusatory, seeking to discredit Jesus before His followers. The Pharisees believed righteous people shouldn't associate with sinners except to condemn them. Jesus operates on opposite principle: righteousness seeks sinners to redeem them. The Pharisees' approach creates religious pride and exclusion. Jesus' approach demonstrates mercy and mission. This fundamental difference—separation versus engagement—defines two opposing religious visions: one self-righteous and condemning, the other humble and redemptive.