Matthew 20:16
So the last shall be first, and the first last: for many be called, but few chosen.
Original Language Analysis
οἱ
G3588
οἱ
Strong's:
G3588
Word #:
3 of 16
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
καὶ
and
G2532
καὶ
and
Strong's:
G2532
Word #:
6 of 16
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
οἱ
G3588
οἱ
Strong's:
G3588
Word #:
7 of 16
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
πολλοὶ
many
G4183
πολλοὶ
many
Strong's:
G4183
Word #:
10 of 16
(singular) much (in any respect) or (plural) many; neuter (singular) as adverbial, largely; neuter (plural) as adverb or noun often, mostly, largely
γὰρ
for
G1063
γὰρ
for
Strong's:
G1063
Word #:
11 of 16
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
Cross References
Matthew 19:30But many that are first shall be last; and the last shall be first.Mark 10:31But many that are first shall be last; and the last first.Matthew 22:14For many are called, but few are chosen.Luke 15:7I say unto you, that likewise joy shall be in heaven over one sinner that repenteth, more than over ninety and nine just persons, which need no repentance.Matthew 7:13Enter ye in at the strait gate: for wide is the gate, and broad is the way, that leadeth to destruction, and many there be which go in thereat:Romans 8:30Moreover whom he did predestinate, them he also called: and whom he called, them he also justified: and whom he justified, them he also glorified.Luke 14:24For I say unto you, That none of those men which were bidden shall taste of my supper.Romans 5:20Moreover the law entered, that the offence might abound. But where sin abounded, grace did much more abound:Romans 9:30What shall we say then? That the Gentiles, which followed not after righteousness, have attained to righteousness, even the righteousness which is of faith.Matthew 21:31Whether of them twain did the will of his father? They say unto him, The first. Jesus saith unto them, Verily I say unto you, That the publicans and the harlots go into the kingdom of God before you.
Historical Context
The parable responds to Peter's question about disciples' reward (19:27) and the rich young ruler incident. It addresses Jewish assumptions about covenant privilege guaranteeing kingdom entrance. The workers hired at different hours all receive the same wage, illustrating grace over merit. This teaching prepared disciples for Gentiles' inclusion in the church alongside Jews.
Questions for Reflection
- How does God's sovereignty in salvation affect your view of evangelism?
- What 'first place' assumptions about your spiritual standing need challenging?
- How should God's generosity shape your attitude toward newer or different believers?
Related Resources
Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.
Analysis & Commentary
Jesus concludes the vineyard parable with 'the last shall be first, and the first last: for many be called, but few chosen.' This encapsulates sovereign grace—God rewards according to His generosity, not human merit. The phrase 'many be called, but few chosen' distinguishes external gospel call from effectual calling. Reformed doctrine of election sees here God's sovereign choice determining salvation. All hear the gospel call; only God's elect respond in saving faith. Kingdom inclusion depends on God's choice, not human worthiness or timing.