Matthew 11:21

Authorized King James Version

Woe unto thee, Chorazin! woe unto thee, Bethsaida! for if the mighty works, which were done in you, had been done in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago in sackcloth and ashes.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
οὐαί
! woe
woe
#2
σοι
unto thee
to thee
#3
Χοραζίν,
Chorazin
chorazin, a place in palestine
#4
οὐαί
! woe
woe
#5
σοι
unto thee
to thee
#6
Βηθσαϊδάν·
Bethsaida
fishing-house; bethsaida, a place in palestine
#7
ὅτι
! for
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
#8
εἰ
if
if, whether, that, etc
#9
ἐν
in
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#10
Τύρῳ
Tyre
the city of tyre
#11
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#12
Σιδῶνι
Sidon
sidon (i.e., tsidon), a place in palestine
#13
γενόμεναι
had been done
to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e., (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.)
#14
αἱ
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#15
δυνάμεις
the mighty works
force (literally or figuratively); specially, miraculous power (usually by implication, a miracle itself)
#16
αἱ
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#17
γενόμεναι
had been done
to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e., (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.)
#18
ἐν
in
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#19
ὑμῖν
you
to (with or by) you
#20
πάλαι
(adverbially) formerly, or (by relatively) sometime since; (elliptically as adjective) ancient
#21
ἂν
long ago
whatsoever
#22
ἐν
in
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#23
σάκκῳ
sackcloth
"sack"-cloth, i.e., mohair (the material or garments made of it, worn as a sign of grief)
#24
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#25
σποδῷ
ashes
ashes
#26
μετενόησαν
they would have repented
to think differently or afterwards, i.e., reconsider (morally, feel compunction)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within Roman imperial rule over Jewish Palestine with messianic expectations. The author writes to address Jewish Christians seeking to understand Jesus as Messiah, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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