Mark 8:31
And he began to teach them, that the Son of man must suffer many things, and be rejected of the elders, and of the chief priests, and scribes, and be killed, and after three days rise again.
Original Language Analysis
καὶ
And
G2532
καὶ
And
Strong's:
G2532
Word #:
1 of 28
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
αὐτοὺς
them
G846
αὐτοὺς
them
Strong's:
G846
Word #:
4 of 28
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
ὅτι
that
G3754
ὅτι
that
Strong's:
G3754
Word #:
5 of 28
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
δεῖ
must
G1163
δεῖ
must
Strong's:
G1163
Word #:
6 of 28
also deon deh-on'; neuter active participle of the same; both used impersonally; it is (was, etc.) necessary (as binding)
τὸν
G3588
τὸν
Strong's:
G3588
Word #:
7 of 28
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
υἱὸν
the Son
G5207
υἱὸν
the Son
Strong's:
G5207
Word #:
8 of 28
a "son" (sometimes of animals), used very widely of immediate, remote or figuratively, kinship
τοῦ
G3588
τοῦ
Strong's:
G3588
Word #:
9 of 28
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
πολλὰ
many things
G4183
πολλὰ
many things
Strong's:
G4183
Word #:
11 of 28
(singular) much (in any respect) or (plural) many; neuter (singular) as adverbial, largely; neuter (plural) as adverb or noun often, mostly, largely
παθεῖν
suffer
G3958
παθεῖν
suffer
Strong's:
G3958
Word #:
12 of 28
to experience a sensation or impression (usually painful)
καὶ
And
G2532
καὶ
And
Strong's:
G2532
Word #:
13 of 28
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ἀποδοκιμασθῆναι
be rejected
G593
ἀποδοκιμασθῆναι
be rejected
Strong's:
G593
Word #:
14 of 28
to disapprove, i.e., (by implication) to repudiate
ἀπὸ
of
G575
ἀπὸ
of
Strong's:
G575
Word #:
15 of 28
"off," i.e., away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation; literal or figurative)
τῶν
G3588
τῶν
Strong's:
G3588
Word #:
16 of 28
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
πρεσβυτέρων
the elders
G4245
πρεσβυτέρων
the elders
Strong's:
G4245
Word #:
17 of 28
older; as noun, a senior; specially, an israelite sanhedrist (also figuratively, member of the celestial council) or christian "presbyter"
καὶ
And
G2532
καὶ
And
Strong's:
G2532
Word #:
18 of 28
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ἀρχιερέων
of the chief priests
G749
ἀρχιερέων
of the chief priests
Strong's:
G749
Word #:
19 of 28
the high-priest (literally, of the jews; typically, christ); by extension a chief priest
καὶ
And
G2532
καὶ
And
Strong's:
G2532
Word #:
20 of 28
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
καὶ
And
G2532
καὶ
And
Strong's:
G2532
Word #:
22 of 28
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
καὶ
And
G2532
καὶ
And
Strong's:
G2532
Word #:
24 of 28
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
μετὰ
after
G3326
μετὰ
after
Strong's:
G3326
Word #:
25 of 28
properly, denoting accompaniment; "amid" (local or causal); modified variously according to the case (genitive association, or accusative succession)
Cross References
Acts 7:35This Moses whom they refused, saying, Who made thee a ruler and a judge? the same did God send to be a ruler and a deliverer by the hand of the angel which appeared to him in the bush.John 2:19Jesus answered and said unto them, Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up.Luke 24:26Ought not Christ to have suffered these things, and to enter into his glory?Mark 12:10And have ye not read this scripture; The stone which the builders rejected is become the head of the corner:Matthew 12:40For as Jonas was three days and three nights in the whale's belly; so shall the Son of man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth.Matthew 21:42Jesus saith unto them, Did ye never read in the scriptures, The stone which the builders rejected, the same is become the head of the corner: this is the Lord's doing, and it is marvellous in our eyes?Luke 17:25But first must he suffer many things, and be rejected of this generation.Hosea 6:2After two days will he revive us: in the third day he will raise us up, and we shall live in his sight.
Historical Context
Jewish messianic expectation was conquering warrior king. Suffering Servant Isaiah 53 not connected to Messiah by most Jews. Jesus combines Daniel 7 Son of man with Isaiah 53 Suffering Servant. Disciples struggle understanding. Three Passion predictions Mark 8:31 9:31 10:33-34 progressively detailed. After resurrection disciples understood. Early church proclaimed crucified Messiah stumbling block to Jews foolishness to Greeks (1 Cor 1:23). But God power God wisdom to believers.
Questions for Reflection
- Why was suffering Messiah stumbling block to Jewish expectations how does this challenge our expectations of God?
- What does divine necessity (must suffer) teach about God plan of salvation through cross?
Related Resources
Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.
Analysis & Commentary
He began teach them Son of man must suffer many things rejected elders chief priests scribes killed after three days rise. First Passion prediction. Must dei divine necessity. Suffer pathein experience pain rejection. Many things polla extensive. Rejected apodokimasthenai examined failed. By religious leaders establishment. Killed apokten ōi executed. After three days meta treis hēmeras. Rise anastenai resurrection. Redefines messianic expectations. Suffering precedes glory. Cross before crown. Peter rebukes Jesus (v. 32) demonstrates disciples did not understand. Reformed theology emphasizes Christ substitutionary atonement necessary for salvation.