Luke 12:20

Authorized King James Version

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But God said unto him, Thou fool, this night thy soul shall be required of thee: then whose shall those things be, which thou hast provided?

Original Language Analysis

εἶπεν said G2036
εἶπεν said
Strong's: G2036
Word #: 1 of 20
to speak or say (by word or writing)
δὲ But G1161
δὲ But
Strong's: G1161
Word #: 2 of 20
but, and, etc
αὐτῷ unto him G846
αὐτῷ unto him
Strong's: G846
Word #: 3 of 20
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
G3588
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 4 of 20
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
θεός God G2316
θεός God
Strong's: G2316
Word #: 5 of 20
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
Ἄφρων Thou fool G878
Ἄφρων Thou fool
Strong's: G878
Word #: 6 of 20
properly, mindless, i.e., stupid, (by implication) ignorant, (specially) egotistic, (practically) rash, or (morally) unbelieving
ταύτῃ G3778
ταύτῃ
Strong's: G3778
Word #: 7 of 20
the he (she or it), i.e., this or that (often with article repeated)
τῇ G3588
τῇ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 8 of 20
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
νυκτὶ night G3571
νυκτὶ night
Strong's: G3571
Word #: 9 of 20
"night" (literally or figuratively)
τὴν G3588
τὴν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 10 of 20
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ψυχήν soul G5590
ψυχήν soul
Strong's: G5590
Word #: 11 of 20
breath, i.e., (by implication) spirit, abstractly or concretely (the animal sentient principle only; thus distinguished on the one hand from g4151, wh
σοῦ· thee G4675
σοῦ· thee
Strong's: G4675
Word #: 12 of 20
of thee, thy
ἀπαιτοῦσιν shall be required G523
ἀπαιτοῦσιν shall be required
Strong's: G523
Word #: 13 of 20
to demand back
ἀπὸ of G575
ἀπὸ of
Strong's: G575
Word #: 14 of 20
"off," i.e., away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation; literal or figurative)
σοῦ· thee G4675
σοῦ· thee
Strong's: G4675
Word #: 15 of 20
of thee, thy
which G3739
which
Strong's: G3739
Word #: 16 of 20
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
δὲ But G1161
δὲ But
Strong's: G1161
Word #: 17 of 20
but, and, etc
ἡτοίμασας thou hast provided G2090
ἡτοίμασας thou hast provided
Strong's: G2090
Word #: 18 of 20
to prepare
τίνι whose G5101
τίνι whose
Strong's: G5101
Word #: 19 of 20
an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)
ἔσται shall those things be G2071
ἔσται shall those things be
Strong's: G2071
Word #: 20 of 20
will be

Analysis & Commentary

But God said unto him, Thou fool, this night thy soul shall be required of thee: then whose shall those things be, which thou hast provided? The parable's devastating climax arrives with divine interruption: eipen de auto ho Theos (εἶπεν δὲ αὐτῷ ὁ Θεός, "But God said to him"). The conjunction de (δέ, but) contrasts sharply with the man's self-directed planning—human schemes meet divine sovereignty. Thou fool (aphron, ἄφρων) means senseless, without understanding, morally deficient. This is not an insult but a sober diagnosis of spiritual reality. The fool says in his heart there is no God (Psalm 14:1); this man lived as if God were irrelevant to his economics.

The phrase this night thy soul shall be required of thee (taute te nykti ten psychen sou apaitousin apo sou, ταύτῃ τῇ νυκτὶ τὴν ψυχήν σου ἀπαιτοῦσιν ἀπὸ σοῦ) uses banking terminology—apaiteo (ἀπαιτοῦσιν) means to demand back what was loaned. The man treated his psyche (soul/life) as his possession to secure through wealth, but God reveals it was only entrusted temporarily. The present tense "they require" (divine passive, meaning "God requires") emphasizes immediacy—not someday, but this night (ταύτῃ τῇ νυκτί).

Jesus' question, whose shall those things be, which thou hast provided? exposes the absurdity of hoarding. All his planning, demolishing, building, storing—rendered instantly meaningless. He gathered for himself but could take nothing with him (1 Timothy 6:7). The verb hetoimazo (ἡτοίμασας, thou hast provided/prepared) carries bitter irony: he prepared everything except his soul for eternity.

Historical Context

In Jewish thought, sudden death was often viewed as divine judgment, especially when it interrupted wicked plans. The rich man's death "this night" parallels other biblical accounts of sudden divine intervention—Belshazzar's feast (Daniel 5), Herod's death (Acts 12:23), and Ananias and Sapphira (Acts 5:1-10). First-century Jews understood that God alone determines the length of life (Psalm 90:12, James 4:13-15). The question "whose shall those things be?" would resonate in a culture where inheritance disputes were common (as in v. 13). Ironically, the inheritance this man hoarded would likely fuel the very family conflicts Jesus was addressing.

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