Psalms 39:6

Authorized King James Version

Surely every man walketh in a vain shew: surely they are disquieted in vain: he heapeth up riches, and knoweth not who shall gather them.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
אַךְ
a particle of affirmation, surely; hence (by limitation) only
#2
בְּצֶ֤לֶם׀
in a vain shew
a phantom, i.e., (figuratively) illusion, resemblance; hence, a representative figure, especially an idol
#3
יִֽתְהַלֶּךְ
walketh
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
#4
אִ֗ישׁ
Surely every man
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
#5
אַךְ
a particle of affirmation, surely; hence (by limitation) only
#6
הֶ֥בֶל
in vain
emptiness or vanity; figuratively, something transitory and unsatisfactory; often used as an adverb
#7
יֶהֱמָי֑וּן
surely they are disquieted
to make a loud sound (like english 'hum'); by implication, to be in great commotion or tumult, to rage, war, moan, clamor
#8
יִ֝צְבֹּ֗ר
he heapeth up
to aggregate
#9
וְֽלֹא
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#10
יֵדַ֥ע
riches and knoweth
to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o
#11
מִי
who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also (indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction with prefix or suffix
#12
אֹסְפָֽם׃
not who shall gather
to gather for any purpose; hence, to receive, take away, i.e., remove (destroy, leave behind, put up, restore, etc.)

Analysis

The worship and praise theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

The historical context of the monarchic period, particularly David's reign (c. 1000-970 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Israelite monarchy with its temple worship, court life, and constant military threats created the liturgical and emotional context for these prayers and praises. The ancient Israelite worship practices and court culture would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Temple archaeology and ancient musical instruments illuminate the liturgical context of Israelite worship.

Questions for Reflection