John 1:21

Authorized King James Version

And they asked him, What then? Art thou Elias? And he saith, I am not. Art thou that prophet? And he answered, No.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#2
ἠρώτησαν
they asked
to interrogate; by implication, to request
#3
αὐτόν
him
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#4
Τί
What
an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)
#5
οὖν
then
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
#6
Ἠλίας
Elias
helias (i.e., elijah), an israelite
#7
εἶ
Art
thou art
#8
σύ
thou
thou
#9
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#10
λέγει
he saith
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
#11
Οὔ
No
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#12
εἰμί
I am
i exist (used only when emphatic)
#13
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#14
προφήτης
that prophet
a foreteller ("prophet"); by analogy, an inspired speaker; by extension, a poet
#15
εἶ
Art
thou art
#16
σύ
thou
thou
#17
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#18
ἀπεκρίθη
he answered
to conclude for oneself, i.e., (by implication) to respond; by hebraism (compare h6030) to begin to speak (where an address is expected)
#19
Οὔ
No
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

Analysis

The divine love theme here intersects with God's covenantal faithfulness demonstrated throughout salvation history. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation from covenant love in the Old Testament to agape love in the New. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about hesed in the Old Testament and agape in the New Testament.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on divine love particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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