Joel 2:13

Authorized King James Version

And rend your heart, and not your garments, and turn unto the LORD your God: for he is gracious and merciful, slow to anger, and of great kindness, and repenteth him of the evil.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְקִרְע֤וּ
And rend
to rend, literally or figuratively (revile, paint the eyes, as if enlarging them)
#2
לְבַבְכֶם֙
your heart
the heart (as the most interior organ)
#3
וְאַל
not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing
#4
בִּגְדֵיכֶ֔ם
and not your garments
a covering, i.e., clothing
#5
וְשׁ֖וּבוּ
and turn
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
#6
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#7
יְהוָ֣ה
unto the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#8
אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֑ם
your God
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
#9
כִּֽי
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#10
חַנּ֤וּן
for he is gracious
gracious
#11
וְרַחוּם֙
and merciful
compassionate
#12
ה֔וּא
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
#13
אֶ֤רֶךְ
slow
long
#14
אַפַּ֙יִם֙
to anger
properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire
#15
וְרַב
and of great
abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)
#16
חֶ֔סֶד
kindness
kindness; by implication (towards god) piety; rarely (by opposition) reproof, or (subject.) beauty
#17
וְנִחָ֖ם
and repenteth
properly, to sigh, i.e., breathe strongly; by implication, to be sorry, i.e., (in a favorable sense) to pity, console or (reflexively) rue; or (unfavo
#18
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#19
הָרָעָֽה׃
him of the evil
bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Joel Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection