Jonah 4:2

Authorized King James Version

And he prayed unto the LORD, and said, I pray thee, O LORD, was not this my saying, when I was yet in my country? Therefore I fled before unto Tarshish: for I knew that thou art a gracious God, and merciful, slow to anger, and of great kindness, and repentest thee of the evil.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיִּתְפַּלֵּ֨ל
And he prayed
to judge (officially or mentally); by extension, to intercede, pray
#2
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#3
יְהוָה֙
thee O LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#4
וַיֹּאמַ֗ר
and said
to say (used with great latitude)
#5
אָנָּ֤ה
I pray
oh now!
#6
יְהוָה֙
thee O LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#7
הֲלוֹא
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#8
זֶ֣ה
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
#9
דְבָרִ֗י
was not this my saying
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
#10
עַד
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
#11
הֱיוֹתִי֙
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#12
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#13
אַדְמָתִ֔י
when I was yet in my country
soil (from its general redness)
#14
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#15
כֵּ֥ן
properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner
#16
קִדַּ֖מְתִּי
before
to project (one self), i.e., precede; hence, to anticipate, hasten, meet (usually for help)
#17
לִבְרֹ֣חַ
Therefore I fled
to bolt, i.e., figuratively, to flee suddenly
#18
תַּרְשִׁ֑ישָׁה
unto Tarshish
tarshish, a place on the mediterranean, hence, the ephithet of a merchant vessel (as if for or from that port); also the name of a persian and of an i
#19
כִּ֣י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#20
יָדַ֗עְתִּי
for I knew
to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o
#21
כִּ֤י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#22
אַתָּה֙
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you
#23
אֵֽל
God
strength; as adjective, mighty; especially the almighty (but used also of any deity)
#24
חַנּ֣וּן
that thou art a gracious
gracious
#25
וְרַח֔וּם
and merciful
compassionate
#26
אֶ֤רֶךְ
slow
long
#27
אַפַּ֙יִם֙
to anger
properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire
#28
וְרַב
and of great
abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)
#29
חֶ֔סֶד
kindness
kindness; by implication (towards god) piety; rarely (by opposition) reproof, or (subject.) beauty
#30
וְנִחָ֖ם
and repentest
properly, to sigh, i.e., breathe strongly; by implication, to be sorry, i.e., (in a favorable sense) to pity, console or (reflexively) rue; or (unfavo
#31
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#32
הָרָעָֽה׃
thee of the evil
bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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