Joel 2:12

Authorized King James Version

Therefore also now, saith the LORD, turn ye even to me with all your heart, and with fasting, and with weeping, and with mourning:

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְגַם
properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and
#2
עַתָּה֙
at this time, whether adverb, conjunction or expletive
#3
נְאֻם
Therefore also now saith
an oracle
#4
יְהוָ֔ה
the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#5
שֻׁ֥בוּ
turn
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
#6
עָדַ֖י
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
#7
בְּכָל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#8
לְבַבְכֶ֑ם
ye even to me with all your heart
the heart (as the most interior organ)
#9
וּבְצ֥וֹם
and with fasting
a fast
#10
וּבְבְכִ֖י
and with weeping
a weeping; by analogy, a dripping
#11
וּבְמִסְפֵּֽד׃
and with mourning
a lamentation

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection