Deuteronomy 4:31

Authorized King James Version

(For the LORD thy God is a merciful God;) he will not forsake thee, neither destroy thee, nor forget the covenant of thy fathers which he sware unto them.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
כִּ֣י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#2
אֵ֤ל
God
strength; as adjective, mighty; especially the almighty (but used also of any deity)
#3
רַחוּם֙
is a merciful
compassionate
#4
יְהוָ֣ה
For the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#5
אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ
thy God
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
#6
לֹ֥א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#7
יַרְפְּךָ֖
he will not forsake
to slacken (in many applications, literal or figurative)
#8
וְלֹ֣א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#9
יַשְׁחִיתֶ֑ךָ
thee neither destroy
to decay, i.e., (causatively) ruin (literally or figuratively)
#10
וְלֹ֤א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#11
יִשְׁכַּח֙
thee nor forget
to mislay, i.e., to be oblivious of, from want of memory or attention
#12
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#13
בְּרִ֣ית
the covenant
a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh)
#14
אֲבֹתֶ֔יךָ
H1
of thy fathers
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
#15
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#16
נִשְׁבַּ֖ע
which he sware
to seven oneself, i.e., swear (as if by repeating a declaration seven times)
#17
לָהֶֽם׃
H0

Analysis

The covenant theme here intersects with God's relationship with His people from Abraham through the new covenant. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of evolution from creation covenant through Abrahamic, Mosaic, Davidic, to new covenant. The phrase emphasizing covenant contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's relational commitment from Noah to the new covenant.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on covenant particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show treaty language and adoption practices from the ancient world, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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