Ruth 4:11

Authorized King James Version

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And all the people that were in the gate, and the elders, said, We are witnesses. The LORD make the woman that is come into thine house like Rachel and like Leah, which two did build the house of Israel: and do thou worthily in Ephratah, and be famous in Beth-lehem:

Original Language Analysis

וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ said H559
וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 29
to say (used with great latitude)
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 2 of 29
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הָעָ֧ם And all the people H5971
הָעָ֧ם And all the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 3 of 29
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
אֲשֶׁר H834
אֲשֶׁר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 4 of 29
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
בַּשַּׁ֛עַר that were in the gate H8179
בַּשַּׁ֛עַר that were in the gate
Strong's: H8179
Word #: 5 of 29
an opening, i.e., door or gate
וְהַזְּקֵנִ֖ים and the elders H2205
וְהַזְּקֵנִ֖ים and the elders
Strong's: H2205
Word #: 6 of 29
old
עֵדִ֑ים We are witnesses H5707
עֵדִ֑ים We are witnesses
Strong's: H5707
Word #: 7 of 29
concretely, a witness; abstractly, testimony; specifically, a recorder, i.e., prince
יִתֵּן֩ make H5414
יִתֵּן֩ make
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 8 of 29
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
יְהוָ֨ה The LORD H3068
יְהוָ֨ה The LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 9 of 29
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
אֶֽת H853
אֶֽת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 10 of 29
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הָאִשָּׁ֜ה the woman H802
הָאִשָּׁ֜ה the woman
Strong's: H802
Word #: 11 of 29
a woman
הַבָּאָ֣ה that is come H935
הַבָּאָ֣ה that is come
Strong's: H935
Word #: 12 of 29
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 13 of 29
near, with or among; often in general, to
בֵּ֣ית into thine house H1004
בֵּ֣ית into thine house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 14 of 29
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
כְּרָחֵ֤ל׀ like Rachel H7354
כְּרָחֵ֤ל׀ like Rachel
Strong's: H7354
Word #: 15 of 29
rachel, a wife of jacob
וּכְלֵאָה֙ and like Leah H3812
וּכְלֵאָה֙ and like Leah
Strong's: H3812
Word #: 16 of 29
leah, a wife of jacob
אֲשֶׁ֨ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 17 of 29
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
בָּנ֤וּ did build H1129
בָּנ֤וּ did build
Strong's: H1129
Word #: 18 of 29
to build (literally and figuratively)
שְׁתֵּיהֶם֙ which two H8147
שְׁתֵּיהֶם֙ which two
Strong's: H8147
Word #: 19 of 29
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 20 of 29
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
בֵּ֣ית into thine house H1004
בֵּ֣ית into thine house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 21 of 29
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל of Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל of Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 22 of 29
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
וַֽעֲשֵׂה and do H6213
וַֽעֲשֵׂה and do
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 23 of 29
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
חַ֣יִל thou worthily H2428
חַ֣יִל thou worthily
Strong's: H2428
Word #: 24 of 29
probably a force, whether of men, means or other resources; an army, wealth, virtue, valor, strength
בְּאֶפְרָ֔תָה in Ephratah H672
בְּאֶפְרָ֔תָה in Ephratah
Strong's: H672
Word #: 25 of 29
ephrath, another name for bethlehem
וּקְרָא and be famous H7121
וּקְרָא and be famous
Strong's: H7121
Word #: 26 of 29
to call out to (i.e., properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)
שֵׁ֖ם H8034
שֵׁ֖ם
Strong's: H8034
Word #: 27 of 29
an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
בְּבֵ֥ית H0
בְּבֵ֥ית
Strong's: H0
Word #: 28 of 29
לָֽחֶם׃ in Bethlehem H1035
לָֽחֶם׃ in Bethlehem
Strong's: H1035
Word #: 29 of 29
beth-lechem, a place in palestine

Analysis & Commentary

Community blessing: 'And all the people that were in the gate, and the elders, said, We are witnesses'. The entire assembly affirms their witness role, creating legally unassailable transaction. Their blessing continues: 'The LORD make the woman that is come into thine house like Rachel and like Leah, which two did build the house of Israel'. This remarkable blessing compares Ruth to the matriarchs who built Israel—high honor for a Moabite convert. The community recognizes God's hand in bringing Ruth to Israel and prays she'll be fruitful like the foundational mothers. 'And do thou worthily in Ephratah, and be famous in Bethlehem' prays for Boaz's prosperity and reputation in his hometown. The community's enthusiastic blessing shows acceptance of Ruth and joy at the redemption.

Historical Context

Rachel and Leah, though rivals in life (Genesis 29-35), together bore the twelve patriarchs who became Israel's tribes. Comparing Ruth to them represented highest possible honor—suggesting she would contribute foundationally to Israel's identity and future. This blessing proved prophetic: Ruth's great-grandson David and ultimate descendant Jesus Christ fulfilled it beyond imagination. Ephratah was Bethlehem's ancient name, connecting this blessing to messianic prophecy (Micah 5:2) that Bethlehem Ephratah would produce Israel's ruler. Ancient blessings invoked fertility, prosperity, and reputation—the three elements mentioned here—as markers of divine favor.

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