Ruth 4:10

Authorized King James Version

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Moreover Ruth the Moabitess, the wife of Mahlon, have I purchased to be my wife, to raise up the name of the dead upon his inheritance, that the name of the dead be not cut off from among his brethren, and from the gate of his place: ye are witnesses this day.

Original Language Analysis

וְגַ֣ם H1571
וְגַ֣ם
Strong's: H1571
Word #: 1 of 25
properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 2 of 25
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
ר֣וּת Moreover Ruth H7327
ר֣וּת Moreover Ruth
Strong's: H7327
Word #: 3 of 25
ruth, a moabitess
הַמֹּֽאֲבִיָּה֩ the Moabitess H4125
הַמֹּֽאֲבִיָּה֩ the Moabitess
Strong's: H4125
Word #: 4 of 25
a moabite or moabitess, i.e., a descendant from moab
לְאִשָּׁ֗ה the wife H802
לְאִשָּׁ֗ה the wife
Strong's: H802
Word #: 5 of 25
a woman
מַחְל֜וֹן of Mahlon H4248
מַחְל֜וֹן of Mahlon
Strong's: H4248
Word #: 6 of 25
machlon, an israelite
קָנִ֧יתִי have I purchased H7069
קָנִ֧יתִי have I purchased
Strong's: H7069
Word #: 7 of 25
to erect, i.e., create; by extension, to procure, especially by purchase (causatively, sell); by implication to own
לִ֣י H0
לִ֣י
Strong's: H0
Word #: 8 of 25
לְאִשָּׁ֗ה the wife H802
לְאִשָּׁ֗ה the wife
Strong's: H802
Word #: 9 of 25
a woman
לְהָקִ֤ים to raise up H6965
לְהָקִ֤ים to raise up
Strong's: H6965
Word #: 10 of 25
to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
שֵׁם that the name H8034
שֵׁם that the name
Strong's: H8034
Word #: 11 of 25
an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
הַמֵּ֛ת of the dead H4191
הַמֵּ֛ת of the dead
Strong's: H4191
Word #: 12 of 25
to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 13 of 25
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
נַ֣חֲלָת֔וֹ upon his inheritance H5159
נַ֣חֲלָת֔וֹ upon his inheritance
Strong's: H5159
Word #: 14 of 25
properly, something inherited, i.e., (abstractly) occupancy, or (concretely) an heirloom; generally an estate, patrimony or portion
וְלֹֽא H3808
וְלֹֽא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 15 of 25
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
יִכָּרֵ֧ת be not cut off H3772
יִכָּרֵ֧ת be not cut off
Strong's: H3772
Word #: 16 of 25
to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant (i.e., make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutt
שֵׁם that the name H8034
שֵׁם that the name
Strong's: H8034
Word #: 17 of 25
an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
הַמֵּ֛ת of the dead H4191
הַמֵּ֛ת of the dead
Strong's: H4191
Word #: 18 of 25
to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill
מֵעִ֥ם from among H5973
מֵעִ֥ם from among
Strong's: H5973
Word #: 19 of 25
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
אֶחָ֖יו his brethren H251
אֶחָ֖יו his brethren
Strong's: H251
Word #: 20 of 25
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
וּמִשַּׁ֣עַר and from the gate H8179
וּמִשַּׁ֣עַר and from the gate
Strong's: H8179
Word #: 21 of 25
an opening, i.e., door or gate
מְקוֹמ֑וֹ of his place H4725
מְקוֹמ֑וֹ of his place
Strong's: H4725
Word #: 22 of 25
properly, a standing, i.e., a spot; but used widely of a locality (general or specific); also (figuratively) of a condition (of body or mind)
עֵדִ֥ים ye are witnesses H5707
עֵדִ֥ים ye are witnesses
Strong's: H5707
Word #: 23 of 25
concretely, a witness; abstractly, testimony; specifically, a recorder, i.e., prince
אַתֶּ֖ם H859
אַתֶּ֖ם
Strong's: H859
Word #: 24 of 25
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you
הַיּֽוֹם׃ this day H3117
הַיּֽוֹם׃ this day
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 25 of 25
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso

Analysis & Commentary

Marriage declaration: 'Moreover Ruth the Moabitess, the wife of Mahlon, have I purchased to be my wife, to raise up the name of the dead upon his inheritance, that the name of the dead be not cut off from among his brethren, and from the gate of his place: ye are witnesses this day'. Boaz publicly declares marriage to Ruth, using term 'purchased' in context of kinsman-redeemer law—not buying a person but undertaking legal marriage responsibility. His stated purpose—'raise up the name of the dead'—shows covenantal rather than selfish motivation. The phrase 'Ruth the Moabitess' emphasizes her foreign origin, making Boaz's public acceptance before the community remarkable—he proudly claims her despite ethnic difference, demonstrating that covenant relationship transcends ethnicity. The repeated 'ye are witnesses' ensures maximum legal validity.

Historical Context

Levirate marriage served multiple purposes: preserving deceased man's name and memory, providing for widows, keeping property within family, and maintaining tribal inheritance patterns. Boaz's public statement before the community served as both marriage announcement and legal declaration of intent to fulfill covenant responsibility. His willingness to publicly claim Ruth the Moabitess demonstrated counter-cultural love—ancient peoples typically viewed foreigners, particularly from enemy nations, with suspicion and contempt. Boaz's public honor of Ruth foreshadows the gospel truth that in Christ there is neither Jew nor Greek, all are one through faith (Galatians 3:28).

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