Ruth 4:9

Authorized King James Version

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And Boaz said unto the elders, and unto all the people, Ye are witnesses this day, that I have bought all that was Elimelech's, and all that was Chilion's and Mahlon's, of the hand of Naomi.

Original Language Analysis

וַיֹּאמֶר֩ said H559
וַיֹּאמֶר֩ said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 21
to say (used with great latitude)
בֹּ֨עַז And Boaz H1162
בֹּ֨עַז And Boaz
Strong's: H1162
Word #: 2 of 21
boaz, the ancestor of david; also the name of a pillar in front of the temple
לַזְּקֵנִ֜ים unto the elders H2205
לַזְּקֵנִ֜ים unto the elders
Strong's: H2205
Word #: 3 of 21
old
וְכָל H3605
וְכָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 4 of 21
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הָעָ֗ם and unto all the people H5971
הָעָ֗ם and unto all the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 5 of 21
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
עֵדִ֤ים Ye are witnesses H5707
עֵדִ֤ים Ye are witnesses
Strong's: H5707
Word #: 6 of 21
concretely, a witness; abstractly, testimony; specifically, a recorder, i.e., prince
אַתֶּם֙ H859
אַתֶּם֙
Strong's: H859
Word #: 7 of 21
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you
הַיּ֔וֹם this day H3117
הַיּ֔וֹם this day
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 8 of 21
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
כִּ֤י H3588
כִּ֤י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 9 of 21
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
קָנִ֙יתִי֙ that I have bought H7069
קָנִ֙יתִי֙ that I have bought
Strong's: H7069
Word #: 10 of 21
to erect, i.e., create; by extension, to procure, especially by purchase (causatively, sell); by implication to own
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 11 of 21
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 12 of 21
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 13 of 21
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
לֶֽאֱלִימֶ֔לֶךְ all that was Elimelech's H458
לֶֽאֱלִימֶ֔לֶךְ all that was Elimelech's
Strong's: H458
Word #: 14 of 21
elimelek, an israelite
וְאֵ֛ת H853
וְאֵ֛ת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 15 of 21
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 16 of 21
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
אֲשֶׁ֥ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 17 of 21
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
לְכִלְי֖וֹן and all that was Chilion's H3630
לְכִלְי֖וֹן and all that was Chilion's
Strong's: H3630
Word #: 18 of 21
kiljon, an israelite
וּמַחְל֑וֹן and Mahlon's H4248
וּמַחְל֑וֹן and Mahlon's
Strong's: H4248
Word #: 19 of 21
machlon, an israelite
מִיַּ֖ד of the hand H3027
מִיַּ֖ד of the hand
Strong's: H3027
Word #: 20 of 21
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
נָֽעֳמִֽי׃ of Naomi H5281
נָֽעֳמִֽי׃ of Naomi
Strong's: H5281
Word #: 21 of 21
noomi, an israelitess

Analysis & Commentary

Public declaration: 'And Boaz said unto the elders, and unto all the people, Ye are witnesses this day, that I have bought all that was Elimelech's, and all that was Chilion's and Mahlon's, of the hand of Naomi'. Boaz publicly declares property redemption before assembled witnesses. He specifies the comprehensive nature—'all' of Elimelech's, Chilion's, and Mahlon's property. Public declaration before 'elders and all the people' creates maximum witnesses and community awareness, ensuring legal validity and preventing future disputes. Boaz's careful legal procedure demonstrates that godly redemption follows proper channels, creating secure foundation rather than questionable claims.

Historical Context

Ancient Near Eastern property law required public witness for transactions to prevent fraud and future disputes. Boaz's specific naming of Elimelech, Chilion, and Mahlon establishes that he's redeeming the entire family's inheritance, not partial claim. The phrase 'of the hand of Naomi' shows she held legal rights to deceased husband's and sons' property as widow and mother, and Boaz's redemption purchased these rights from her, providing her with resources while securing property for future heir through Ruth. This comprehensive redemption foreshadows Christ's complete redemption of all believers lost through sin.

Questions for Reflection

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