Romans 9:21

Authorized King James Version

Hath not the potter power over the clay, of the same lump to make one vessel unto honour, and another unto dishonour?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
disjunctive, or; comparative, than
#2
οὐκ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#3
ἔχει
Hath
to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio
#4
ἐξουσίαν
power
privilege, i.e., (subjectively) force, capacity, competency, freedom, or (objectively) mastery (concretely, magistrate, superhuman, potentate, token o
#5
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#6
κεραμεὺς
the potter
a potter
#7
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#8
πηλοῦ
over the clay
clay
#9
ἐκ
of
a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct
#10
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#11
αὐτοῦ
the same
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#12
φυράματος
lump
perhaps akin to g5453 through the idea of swelling in bulk), mean to knead; a mass of dough
#13
ποιῆσαι
make
to make or do (in a very wide application, more or less direct)
#14
another
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#15
μὲν
properly, indicative of affirmation or concession (in fact); usually followed by a contrasted clause with g1161 (this one, the former, etc.)
#16
εἰς
unto
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#17
τιμὴν
honour
a value, i.e., money paid, or (concretely and collectively) valuables; by analogy, esteem (especially of the highest degree), or the dignity itself
#18
σκεῦος
one vessel
a vessel, implement, equipment or apparatus (literally or figuratively (specially, a wife as contributing to the usefulness of the husband))
#19
another
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#20
δὲ
and
but, and, etc
#21
εἰς
unto
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#22
ἀτιμίαν
dishonour
infamy, i.e., (subjectively) comparative indignity, (objectively) disgrace

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the cosmopolitan capital of the Roman Empire with diverse populations. The author writes to address a mixed congregation of Jewish and Gentile believers in the imperial capital, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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