Romans 9:18
Therefore hath he mercy on whom he will have mercy, and whom he will he hardeneth.
Word-by-Word Analysis
Analysis
This verse develops the salvation theme central to Romans. The concept of mercy reflects justification by faith as the foundation of Christian hope. The emotional and relational language employed here is characteristic of systematic theological exposition of the gospel, emphasizing the personal nature of divine-human relationship. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.
Historical Context
The historical context of the early imperial period under Nero (c. 57 CE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Roman Empire at its height, with sophisticated legal systems, diverse religious practices, and increasing Christian presence in major urban centers shaped Paul's theological arguments. The Greco-Roman urban culture with diverse religious and philosophical influences would have shaped how the original audience understood mercy. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Inscriptions from Corinth and Rome reveal the social dynamics and religious pluralism that shaped early Christian communities.
Questions for Reflection
- How does this passage contribute to our understanding of from physical deliverance in the Old Testament to spiritual redemption in the New, and what implications does this have for Christian discipleship?
- What practical applications emerge from understanding salvation as presented in this verse, particularly in light of addressing questions of religious pluralism and the exclusivity of Christ?
- In what ways does this verse's emphasis on mercy address religious pluralism and questions about the necessity of Christ, and how should the church respond?