Isaiah 63:17

Authorized King James Version

O LORD, why hast thou made us to err from thy ways, and hardened our heart from thy fear? Return for thy servants' sake, the tribes of thine inheritance.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
לָ֣מָּה
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
#2
תַתְעֵ֤נוּ
why hast thou made us to err
to vacillate, i.e., reel or stray (literally or figuratively); also causative of both
#3
יְהוָה֙
O LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#4
מִדְּרָכֶ֔יךָ
from thy ways
a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb
#5
תַּקְשִׁ֥יחַ
and hardened
to be (causatively, make) unfeeling
#6
לִבֵּ֖נוּ
our heart
the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the center of anything
#7
מִיִּרְאָתֶ֑ךָ
from thy fear
fear (also used as infinitive); morally, reverence
#8
שׁ֚וּב
Return
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
#9
לְמַ֣עַן
properly, heed, i.e., purpose; used only adverbially, on account of (as a motive or an aim), teleologically, in order that
#10
עֲבָדֶ֔יךָ
for thy servants
a servant
#11
שִׁבְטֵ֖י
sake the tribes
a scion, i.e., (literally) a stick (for punishing, writing, fighting, ruling, walking, etc.) or (figuratively) a clan
#12
נַחֲלָתֶֽךָ׃
of thine inheritance
properly, something inherited, i.e., (abstractly) occupancy, or (concretely) an heirloom; generally an estate, patrimony or portion

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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