John 12:40

Authorized King James Version

He hath blinded their eyes, and hardened their heart; that they should not see with their eyes, nor understand with their heart, and be converted, and I should heal them.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
Τετύφλωκεν
He hath blinded
to make blind, i.e., (figuratively) to obscure
#2
αὐτούς
their
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#3
τοὺς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#4
ὀφθαλμοῖς
eyes
the eye (literally or figuratively); by implication, vision; figuratively, envy (from the jealous side-glance)
#5
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#6
πεπώρωκεν
hardened
to petrify, i.e., (figuratively) to indurate (render stupid or callous)
#7
αὐτούς
their
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#8
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#9
καρδίᾳ
heart
the heart, i.e., (figuratively) the thoughts or feelings (mind); also (by analogy) the middle
#10
ἵνα
in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)
#11
μὴ
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
#12
ἴδωσιν
see
used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl
#13
τοῖς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#14
ὀφθαλμοῖς
eyes
the eye (literally or figuratively); by implication, vision; figuratively, envy (from the jealous side-glance)
#15
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#16
νοήσωσιν
understand
to exercise the mind (observe), i.e., (figuratively) to comprehend, heed
#17
τῇ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#18
καρδίᾳ
heart
the heart, i.e., (figuratively) the thoughts or feelings (mind); also (by analogy) the middle
#19
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#20
ἐπιστραφῶσιν
be converted
to revert (literally, figuratively or morally)
#21
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#22
ἰάσωμαι
I should heal
to cure (literally or figuratively)
#23
αὐτούς
their
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Analysis

Within the broader context of John, this passage highlights divine love through declarative statements that establish theological truth. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of John.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on divine love particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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