Romans 9:11

Authorized King James Version

(For the children being not yet born, neither having done any good or evil, that the purpose of God according to election might stand, not of works, but of him that calleth;)

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
μήπω
not yet
not yet
#2
γὰρ
(For
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
#3
γεννηθέντων
born
to procreate (properly, of the father, but by extension of the mother); figuratively, to regenerate
#4
μηδὲ
neither
but not, not even; in a continued negation, nor
#5
πραξάντων
having done
to "practise", i.e., perform repeatedly or habitually (thus differing from g4160, which properly refers to a single act); by implication, to execute,
#6
τι
any
some or any person or object
#7
ἀγαθὸν
G18
good
"good" (in any sense, often as noun)
#8
or
disjunctive, or; comparative, than
#9
κακόν,
evil
worthless (intrinsically, such; whereas g4190 properly refers to effects), i.e., (subjectively) depraved, or (objectively) injurious
#10
ἵνα
that
in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)
#11
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#12
κατ'
according
(prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined)
#13
ἐκλογὴν
to election
(divine) selection (abstractly or concretely)
#14
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#15
θεοῦ
of God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#16
πρόθεσις
the purpose
a setting forth, i.e., (figuratively) proposal (intention); specially, the show-bread (in the temple) as exposed before god
#17
μένῃ
might stand
to stay (in a given place, state, relation or expectancy)
#18
οὐκ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#19
ἐκ
of
a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct
#20
ἔργων
works
toil (as an effort or occupation); by implication, an act
#21
ἀλλ'
but
properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
#22
ἐκ
of
a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct
#23
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#24
καλοῦντος
him that calleth
to "call" (properly, aloud, but used in a variety of applications, directly or otherwise)

Analysis

Within the broader context of Romans, this passage highlights salvation through universal language and absolute statements. The theological weight of divine sovereignty connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine sovereignty, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Romans.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of Hellenistic epistolary literature with sophisticated theological argumentation shapes this text's meaning. Paul's systematic presentation built upon centuries of Jewish understanding about righteousness and divine justice Understanding a worldview shaped by both Jewish monotheism and Greco-Roman philosophical thought helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

Topics