Titus 3:5

Authorized King James Version

Not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to his mercy he saved us, by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the Holy Ghost;

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
οὐκ
Not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#2
ἐξ
by
a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct
#3
ἔργων
works
toil (as an effort or occupation); by implication, an act
#4
τῶν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#5
ἐν
of
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#6
δικαιοσύνῃ
righteousness
equity (of character or act); specially (christian) justification
#7
ὧν
which
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#8
ἐποιήσαμεν
have done
to make or do (in a very wide application, more or less direct)
#9
ἡμεῖς
we
we (only used when emphatic)
#10
ἀλλὰ
but
properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
#11
κατὰ
according to
(prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined)
#12
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#13
αὐτοῦ
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#14
ἔλεον
mercy
compassion (human or divine, especially active)
#15
ἔσωσεν
he saved
to save, i.e., deliver or protect (literally or figuratively)
#16
ἡμᾶς
us
us
#17
διὰ
by
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
#18
λουτροῦ
the washing
a bath, i.e., (figuratively), baptism
#19
παλιγγενεσίας
of regeneration
(spiritual) rebirth (the state or the act), i.e., (figuratively) spiritual renovation; specially, messianic restoration
#20
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#21
ἀνακαινώσεως
renewing
renovation
#22
πνεύματος
Ghost
a current of air, i.e., breath (blast) or a breeze; by analogy or figuratively, a spirit, i.e., (human) the rational soul, (by implication) vital prin
#23
ἁγίου
G40
of the Holy
sacred (physically, pure, morally blameless or religious, ceremonially, consecrated)

Cross References

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Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Titus. The concept of righteousness reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The emotional and relational language employed here is characteristic of biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, emphasizing the personal nature of divine-human relationship. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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