Psalms 51:5

Authorized King James Version

Behold, I was shapen in iniquity; and in sin did my mother conceive me.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
הֵן
lo!; also (as expressing surprise) if
#2
בְּעָו֥וֹן
in iniquity
perversity, i.e., (moral) evil
#3
חוֹלָ֑לְתִּי
Behold I was shapen
properly, to twist or whirl (in a circular or spiral manner), i.e., (specifically) to dance, to writhe in pain (especially of parturition) or fear; fi
#4
וּ֝בְחֵ֗טְא
and in sin
a crime or its penalty
#5
יֶֽחֱמַ֥תְנִי
conceive
probably to be hot; figuratively, to conceive
#6
אִמִּֽי׃
did my mother
a mother (as the bond of the family); in a wide sense (both literally and figuratively [like father])

Cross References

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Analysis

This verse develops the worship and praise theme central to Psalms. The concept of divine revelation reflects the proper human response to God's character and works. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to worship literature expressing the full range of human experience before God, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the monarchic period, particularly David's reign (c. 1000-970 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Israelite monarchy with its temple worship, court life, and constant military threats created the liturgical and emotional context for these prayers and praises. The ancient Israelite worship practices and court culture would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Temple archaeology and ancient musical instruments illuminate the liturgical context of Israelite worship.

Questions for Reflection