Romans 4:17

Authorized King James Version

(As it is written, I have made thee a father of many nations,) before him whom he believed, even God, who quickeneth the dead, and calleth those things which be not as though they were.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
καθὼς
(As
just (or inasmuch) as, that
#2
γέγραπται
it is written
to "grave", especially to write; figuratively, to describe
#3
ὅτι
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
#4
Πατέρα
a father
a "father" (literally or figuratively, near or more remote)
#5
πολλῶν
of many
(singular) much (in any respect) or (plural) many; neuter (singular) as adverbial, largely; neuter (plural) as adverb or noun often, mostly, largely
#6
ἐθνῶν
nations
a race (as of the same habit), i.e., a tribe; specially, a foreign (non-jewish) one (usually, by implication, pagan)
#7
τέθεικά
I have made
to place (in the widest application, literally and figuratively; properly, in a passive or horizontal posture, and thus different from g2476, which pr
#8
σε
thee
thee
#9
κατέναντι
before
directly opposite
#10
οὗ
him whom
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#11
ἐπίστευσεν
he believed
to have faith (in, upon, or with respect to, a person or thing), i.e., credit; by implication, to entrust (especially one's spiritual well-being to ch
#12
θεοῦ
even God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#13
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#14
ζῳοποιοῦντος
who quickeneth
to (re-)vitalize (literally or figuratively)
#15
τοὺς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#16
νεκροὺς
the dead
dead (literally or figuratively; also as noun)
#17
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#18
καλοῦντος
calleth
to "call" (properly, aloud, but used in a variety of applications, directly or otherwise)
#19
τὰ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#20
μὴ
not
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
#21
ὄντα·
they were
being
#22
ὡς
as though
which how, i.e., in that manner (very variously used, as follows)
#23
ὄντα·
they were
being

Analysis

This verse develops the faith and obedience theme central to Romans. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the development of faith and obedience within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within systematic theological exposition of the gospel to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the cosmopolitan capital of the Roman Empire with diverse populations. The author writes to address a mixed congregation of Jewish and Gentile believers in the imperial capital, making the emphasis on faith and obedience particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

Topics