Romans 9:22

Authorized King James Version

What if God, willing to shew his wrath, and to make his power known, endured with much longsuffering the vessels of wrath fitted to destruction:

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
εἰ
What if
if, whether, that, etc
#2
δὲ
but, and, etc
#3
θέλων
willing
to determine (as an active option from subjective impulse; whereas g1014 properly denotes rather a passive acquiescence in objective considerations),
#4
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#5
θεὸς
God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#6
ἐνδείξασθαι
to shew
to indicate (by word or act)
#7
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#8
ὀργῆς
his wrath
properly, desire (as a reaching forth or excitement of the mind), i.e., (by analogy), violent passion (ire, or (justifiable) abhorrence); by implicati
#9
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#10
γνωρίσαι
known
to make known; subjectively, to know
#11
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#12
δυνατὸν
power
powerful or capable (literally or figuratively); neuter possible
#13
αὐτοῦ
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#14
ἤνεγκεν
endured
to "bear" or carry (in a very wide application, literally and figuratively, as follows)
#15
ἐν
with
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#16
πολλῇ
much
(singular) much (in any respect) or (plural) many; neuter (singular) as adverbial, largely; neuter (plural) as adverb or noun often, mostly, largely
#17
μακροθυμίᾳ
longsuffering
longanimity, i.e., (objectively) forbearance or (subjectively) fortitude
#18
σκεύη
the vessels
a vessel, implement, equipment or apparatus (literally or figuratively (specially, a wife as contributing to the usefulness of the husband))
#19
ὀργῆς
his wrath
properly, desire (as a reaching forth or excitement of the mind), i.e., (by analogy), violent passion (ire, or (justifiable) abhorrence); by implicati
#20
κατηρτισμένα
fitted
to complete thoroughly, i.e., repair (literally or figuratively) or adjust
#21
εἰς
to
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#22
ἀπώλειαν
destruction
ruin or loss (physical, spiritual or eternal)

Analysis

This verse develops the judgment and justice theme central to Romans. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the development of judgment and justice within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within systematic theological exposition of the gospel to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of Hellenistic epistolary literature with sophisticated theological argumentation shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of judgment and justice within the theological tradition of Romans Understanding a worldview shaped by both Jewish monotheism and Greco-Roman philosophical thought helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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