Romans 9:23

Authorized King James Version

And that he might make known the riches of his glory on the vessels of mercy, which he had afore prepared unto glory,

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#2
ἵνα
that
in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)
#3
γνωρίσῃ
he might make known
to make known; subjectively, to know
#4
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#5
πλοῦτον
the riches
wealth (as fulness), i.e., (literally) money, possessions, or (figuratively) abundance, richness, (specially), valuable bestowment
#6
τῆς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#7
δόξαν
glory
glory (as very apparent), in a wide application (literal or figurative, objective or subjective)
#8
αὐτοῦ
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#9
ἐπὶ
on
properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re
#10
σκεύη
the vessels
a vessel, implement, equipment or apparatus (literally or figuratively (specially, a wife as contributing to the usefulness of the husband))
#11
ἐλέους
of mercy
compassion (human or divine, especially active)
#12
which
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#13
προητοίμασεν
he had afore prepared
to fit up in advance (literally or figuratively)
#14
εἰς
unto
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#15
δόξαν
glory
glory (as very apparent), in a wide application (literal or figurative, objective or subjective)

Analysis

Within the broader context of Romans, this passage highlights salvation through declarative statements that establish theological truth. The theological weight of glory connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about glory, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Romans.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of Hellenistic epistolary literature with sophisticated theological argumentation shapes this text's meaning. Paul's systematic presentation built upon centuries of Jewish understanding about righteousness and divine justice Understanding a worldview shaped by both Jewish monotheism and Greco-Roman philosophical thought helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes glory in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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