Romans 2:4

Authorized King James Version

Or despisest thou the riches of his goodness and forbearance and longsuffering; not knowing that the goodness of God leadeth thee to repentance?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
Or
disjunctive, or; comparative, than
#2
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#3
πλούτου
the riches
wealth (as fulness), i.e., (literally) money, possessions, or (figuratively) abundance, richness, (specially), valuable bestowment
#4
τῆς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#5
χρηστότητος
goodness
usefulness, i.e., morally, excellence (in character or demeanor)
#6
αὐτοῦ
of his
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#7
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#8
τῆς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#9
ἀνοχῆς
forbearance
self-restraint, i.e., tolerance
#10
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#11
τῆς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#12
μακροθυμίας
longsuffering
longanimity, i.e., (objectively) forbearance or (subjectively) fortitude
#13
καταφρονεῖς
despisest thou
to think against, i.e., disesteem
#14
ἀγνοῶν
G50
not knowing
not to know (through lack of information or intelligence); by implication, to ignore (through disinclination)
#15
ὅτι
that
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
#16
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#17
χρηστὸν
the goodness
employed, i.e., (by implication) useful (in manner or morals)
#18
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#19
θεοῦ
of God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#20
εἰς
to
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#21
μετάνοιάν
repentance
(subjectively) compunction (for guilt, including reformation); by implication, reversal (of (another's) decision)
#22
σε
thee
thee
#23
ἄγει
G71
leadeth
properly, to lead; by implication, to bring, drive, (reflexively) go, (specially) pass (time), or (figuratively) induce

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Romans. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects justification by faith as the foundation of Christian hope. The divine name or title here functions within systematic theological exposition of the gospel to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the early imperial period under Nero (c. 57 CE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Roman Empire at its height, with sophisticated legal systems, diverse religious practices, and increasing Christian presence in major urban centers shaped Paul's theological arguments. The Greco-Roman urban culture with diverse religious and philosophical influences would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Inscriptions from Corinth and Rome reveal the social dynamics and religious pluralism that shaped early Christian communities.

Questions for Reflection

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