Romans 2:5

Authorized King James Version

But after thy hardness and impenitent heart treasurest up unto thyself wrath against the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God;

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
κατὰ
after
(prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined)
#2
δὲ
But
but, and, etc
#3
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#4
σκληρότητά
hardness
callousness, i.e., (figuratively) stubbornness
#5
σου
thy
of thee, thy
#6
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#7
ἀμετανόητον
impenitent
unrepentant
#8
καρδίαν
heart
the heart, i.e., (figuratively) the thoughts or feelings (mind); also (by analogy) the middle
#9
θησαυρίζεις
treasurest up
to amass or reserve (literally or figuratively)
#10
σεαυτῷ
unto thyself
of (with, to) thyself
#11
ὀργῆς
of wrath
properly, desire (as a reaching forth or excitement of the mind), i.e., (by analogy), violent passion (ire, or (justifiable) abhorrence); by implicati
#12
ἐν
against
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#13
ἡμέρᾳ
the day
day, i.e., (literally) the time space between dawn and dark, or the whole 24 hours (but several days were usually reckoned by the jews as inclusive of
#14
ὀργῆς
of wrath
properly, desire (as a reaching forth or excitement of the mind), i.e., (by analogy), violent passion (ire, or (justifiable) abhorrence); by implicati
#15
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#16
ἀποκαλύψεως
revelation
disclosure
#17
δικαιοκρισίας
of the righteous judgment
a just sentence
#18
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#19
θεοῦ
of God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)

Analysis

Within the broader context of Romans, this passage highlights judgment and justice through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of divine sovereignty connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine sovereignty, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Romans.

Historical Context

The historical context of the early imperial period under Nero (c. 57 CE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Roman Empire at its height, with sophisticated legal systems, diverse religious practices, and increasing Christian presence in major urban centers shaped Paul's theological arguments. The Greco-Roman urban culture with diverse religious and philosophical influences would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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