Romans 9:24

Authorized King James Version

Even us, whom he hath called, not of the Jews only, but also of the Gentiles?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
οὓς
whom
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#2
καὶ
Even
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#3
ἐκάλεσεν
he hath called
to "call" (properly, aloud, but used in a variety of applications, directly or otherwise)
#4
ἡμᾶς
us
us
#5
οὐ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#6
μόνον
only
merely
#7
ἐξ
of
a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct
#8
Ἰουδαίων
the Jews
judaean, i.e., belonging to jehudah
#9
ἀλλὰ
but
properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
#10
καὶ
Even
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#11
ἐξ
of
a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct
#12
ἐθνῶν
the Gentiles
a race (as of the same habit), i.e., a tribe; specially, a foreign (non-jewish) one (usually, by implication, pagan)

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Romans. The concept of divine revelation reflects justification by faith as the foundation of Christian hope. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to systematic theological exposition of the gospel, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of Hellenistic epistolary literature with sophisticated theological argumentation shapes this text's meaning. Paul's systematic presentation built upon centuries of Jewish understanding about righteousness and divine justice Understanding a worldview shaped by both Jewish monotheism and Greco-Roman philosophical thought helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine revelation in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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