Romans 8:13

Authorized King James Version

For if ye live after the flesh, ye shall die: but if ye through the Spirit do mortify the deeds of the body, ye shall live.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
εἰ
if
if, whether, that, etc
#2
γὰρ
For
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
#3
κατὰ
after
(prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined)
#4
σάρκα
the flesh
flesh (as stripped of the skin), i.e., (strictly) the meat of an animal (as food), or (by extension) the body (as opposed to the soul (or spirit), or
#5
ζήσεσθε
ye live
to live (literally or figuratively)
#6
μέλλετε
ye shall
to intend, i.e., be about to be, do, or suffer something (of persons or things, especially events; in the sense of purpose, duty, necessity, probabili
#7
ἀποθνῄσκειν·
die
to die off (literally or figuratively)
#8
εἰ
if
if, whether, that, etc
#9
δὲ
but
but, and, etc
#10
πνεύματι
through the Spirit
a current of air, i.e., breath (blast) or a breeze; by analogy or figuratively, a spirit, i.e., (human) the rational soul, (by implication) vital prin
#11
τὰς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#12
πράξεις
the deeds
practice, i.e., (concretely) an act; by extension, a function
#13
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#14
σώματος
of the body
the body (as a sound whole), used in a very wide application, literally or figuratively
#15
θανατοῦτε
do mortify
to kill
#16
ζήσεσθε
ye live
to live (literally or figuratively)

Analysis

Within the broader context of Romans, this passage highlights salvation through universal language and absolute statements. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Romans.

Historical Context

The historical context of the early imperial period under Nero (c. 57 CE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Roman Empire at its height, with sophisticated legal systems, diverse religious practices, and increasing Christian presence in major urban centers shaped Paul's theological arguments. The Greco-Roman urban culture with diverse religious and philosophical influences would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Inscriptions from Corinth and Rome reveal the social dynamics and religious pluralism that shaped early Christian communities.

Questions for Reflection

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