Romans 7:5

Authorized King James Version

For when we were in the flesh, the motions of sins, which were by the law, did work in our members to bring forth fruit unto death.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
ὅτε
when
at which (thing) too, i.e., when
#2
γὰρ
For
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
#3
ἦμεν
i exist (used only when emphatic)
#4
ἐν
in
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#5
τῷ
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#6
σαρκί
the flesh
flesh (as stripped of the skin), i.e., (strictly) the meat of an animal (as food), or (by extension) the body (as opposed to the soul (or spirit), or
#7
τῷ
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#8
παθήματα
the motions
something undergone, i.e., hardship or pain; subjectively, an emotion or influence
#9
τῷ
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#10
ἁμαρτιῶν
of sins
a sin (properly abstract)
#11
τῷ
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#12
διὰ
were by
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
#13
τῷ
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#14
νόμου
the law
law (through the idea of prescriptive usage), genitive case (regulation), specially, (of moses (including the volume); also of the gospel), or figurat
#15
ἐνηργεῖτο
did work
to be active, efficient
#16
ἐν
in
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#17
τῷ
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#18
μέλεσιν
members
a limb or part of the body
#19
ἡμῶν
our
of (or from) us
#20
εἰς
to bring
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#21
τῷ
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#22
καρποφορῆσαι
forth fruit
to be fertile (literally or figuratively)
#23
τῷ
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#24
θανάτῳ·
unto death
(properly, an adjective used as a noun) death (literally or figuratively)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The historical context of the early imperial period under Nero (c. 57 CE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Roman Empire at its height, with sophisticated legal systems, diverse religious practices, and increasing Christian presence in major urban centers shaped Paul's theological arguments. The Greco-Roman urban culture with diverse religious and philosophical influences would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Inscriptions from Corinth and Rome reveal the social dynamics and religious pluralism that shaped early Christian communities.

Questions for Reflection

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