Romans 4:13

Authorized King James Version

For the promise, that he should be the heir of the world, was not to Abraham, or to his seed, through the law, but through the righteousness of faith.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
Οὐ
was not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#2
γὰρ
For
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
#3
διὰ
through
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
#4
νόμου
the law
law (through the idea of prescriptive usage), genitive case (regulation), specially, (of moses (including the volume); also of the gospel), or figurat
#5
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#6
ἐπαγγελία
the promise
an announcement (for information, assent or pledge; especially a divine assurance of good)
#7
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#8
Ἀβραὰμ
G11
to Abraham
abraham, the hebrew patriarch
#9
or
disjunctive, or; comparative, than
#10
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#11
σπέρματι
seed
something sown, i.e., seed (including the male "sperm"); by implication, offspring; specially, a remnant (figuratively, as if kept over for planting)
#12
αὐτὸν
to his
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#13
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#14
κληρονόμον
the heir
a sharer by lot, i.e., inheritor (literally or figuratively); by implication, a possessor
#15
αὐτὸν
to his
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#16
εἶναι
that he should be
to exist
#17
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#18
κόσμου
of the world
orderly arrangement, i.e., decoration; by implication, the world (including its inhabitants, literally or figuratively (morally))
#19
ἀλλὰ
but
properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
#20
διὰ
through
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
#21
δικαιοσύνης
the righteousness
equity (of character or act); specially (christian) justification
#22
πίστεως
of faith
persuasion, i.e., credence; moral conviction (of religious truth, or the truthfulness of god or a religious teacher), especially reliance upon christ

Analysis

Within the broader context of Romans, this passage highlights faith and obedience through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of faith connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about faith, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Romans.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the cosmopolitan capital of the Roman Empire with diverse populations. The author writes to address a mixed congregation of Jewish and Gentile believers in the imperial capital, making the emphasis on faith and obedience particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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