Romans 4:12

Authorized King James Version

And the father of circumcision to them who are not of the circumcision only, but who also walk in the steps of that faith of our father Abraham, which he had being yet uncircumcised.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#2
πατρὸς
father
a "father" (literally or figuratively, near or more remote)
#3
περιτομῆς
of circumcision
circumcision (the rite, the condition or the people, literally or figuratively)
#4
τοῖς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#5
οὐκ
to them who are not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#6
ἐκ
of
a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct
#7
περιτομῆς
of circumcision
circumcision (the rite, the condition or the people, literally or figuratively)
#8
μόνον
only
merely
#9
ἀλλὰ
but
properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
#10
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#11
τοῖς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#12
στοιχοῦσιν
walk
to march in (military) rank (keep step), i.e., (figuratively) to conform to virtue and piety
#13
τοῖς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#14
ἴχνεσιν
in the steps
a track (figuratively)
#15
τῆς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#16
ἐν
which he had being
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#17
τῇ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#18
ἀκροβυστίᾳ
yet uncircumcised
the prepuce; by implication, an uncircumcised (i.e., gentile, figuratively, unregenerate) state or person
#19
πίστεως
of that faith
persuasion, i.e., credence; moral conviction (of religious truth, or the truthfulness of god or a religious teacher), especially reliance upon christ
#20
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#21
πατρὸς
father
a "father" (literally or figuratively, near or more remote)
#22
ἡμῶν
of our
of (or from) us
#23
Ἀβραάμ
G11
Abraham
abraham, the hebrew patriarch

Analysis

This verse develops the faith and obedience theme central to Romans. The concept of faith reflects the development of faith and obedience within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to systematic theological exposition of the gospel, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes pistis in Greek, encompassing both belief and faithfulness, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the cosmopolitan capital of the Roman Empire with diverse populations. The author writes to address a mixed congregation of Jewish and Gentile believers in the imperial capital, making the emphasis on faith and obedience particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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