Romans 3:9

Authorized King James Version

What then? are we better than they? No, in no wise: for we have before proved both Jews and Gentiles, that they are all under sin;

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
Τί
What
an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)
#2
οὖν
then
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
#3
προεχόμεθα
are we better
to hold oneself before others, i.e., (figuratively) to excel
#4
οὐ
than they No
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#5
πάντως·
in no wise
entirely; specially, at all events, (with negative, following) in no event
#6
προῃτιασάμεθα
we have before proved
to accuse already, i.e., previously charge
#7
γὰρ
for
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
#8
Ἰουδαίους
Jews
judaean, i.e., belonging to jehudah
#9
τε
both
both or also (properly, as correlation of g2532)
#10
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#11
Ἕλληνας
Gentiles
a hellen (grecian) or inhabitant of hellas; by extension a greek-speaking person, especially a non-jew
#12
πάντας
all
all, any, every, the whole
#13
ὑφ'
under
under, i.e., (with the genitive case) of place (beneath), or with verbs (the agency or means, through); (with the accusative case) of place (whither (
#14
ἁμαρτίαν
sin
a sin (properly abstract)
#15
εἶναι
that they are
to exist

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Romans. The concept of divine revelation reflects justification by faith as the foundation of Christian hope. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to systematic theological exposition of the gospel, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the cosmopolitan capital of the Roman Empire with diverse populations. The author writes to address a mixed congregation of Jewish and Gentile believers in the imperial capital, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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