Romans 3:19

Authorized King James Version

Now we know that what things soever the law saith, it saith to them who are under the law: that every mouth may be stopped, and all the world may become guilty before God.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
Οἴδαμεν
we know
used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl
#2
δὲ
Now
but, and, etc
#3
ὅτι
that
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
#4
ὅσα
what things soever
as (much, great, long, etc.) as
#5
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#6
νόμῳ
the law
law (through the idea of prescriptive usage), genitive case (regulation), specially, (of moses (including the volume); also of the gospel), or figurat
#7
λέγει
saith
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
#8
τοῖς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#9
ἐν
to them who are under
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#10
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#11
νόμῳ
the law
law (through the idea of prescriptive usage), genitive case (regulation), specially, (of moses (including the volume); also of the gospel), or figurat
#12
λαλεῖ
it saith
to talk, i.e., utter words
#13
ἵνα
that
in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)
#14
πᾶς
all
all, any, every, the whole
#15
στόμα
mouth
the mouth (as if a gash in the face); by implication, language (and its relations); figuratively, an opening (in the earth); specially, the front or e
#16
φραγῇ
may be stopped
to fence or inclose, i.e., (specially), to block up (figuratively, to silence)
#17
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#18
ὑπόδικος
guilty
under sentence, i.e., (by implication) condemned
#19
γένηται
may become
to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e., (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.)
#20
πᾶς
all
all, any, every, the whole
#21
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#22
κόσμος
the world
orderly arrangement, i.e., decoration; by implication, the world (including its inhabitants, literally or figuratively (morally))
#23
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#24
θεῷ·
before God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The historical context of the early imperial period under Nero (c. 57 CE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Roman Empire at its height, with sophisticated legal systems, diverse religious practices, and increasing Christian presence in major urban centers shaped Paul's theological arguments. The Greco-Roman urban culture with diverse religious and philosophical influences would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Inscriptions from Corinth and Rome reveal the social dynamics and religious pluralism that shaped early Christian communities.

Questions for Reflection

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