Romans 11:32

Authorized King James Version

For God hath concluded them all in unbelief, that he might have mercy upon all.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
συνέκλεισεν
hath concluded
to shut together, i.e., include or (figuratively) embrace in a common subjection to
#2
γὰρ
For
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
#3
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#4
θεὸς
God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#5
τοὺς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#6
πάντας
them all
all, any, every, the whole
#7
εἰς
in
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#8
ἀπείθειαν
unbelief
disbelief (obstinate and rebellious)
#9
ἵνα
that
in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)
#10
τοὺς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#11
πάντας
them all
all, any, every, the whole
#12
ἐλεήσῃ
he might have mercy
to compassionate (by word or deed, specially, by divine grace)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing mercy contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of Hellenistic epistolary literature with sophisticated theological argumentation shapes this text's meaning. Paul's systematic presentation built upon centuries of Jewish understanding about righteousness and divine justice Understanding a worldview shaped by both Jewish monotheism and Greco-Roman philosophical thought helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes mercy in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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